HistoryTimelineLayer:Archaic Period of Greece

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1. 2996c2

sources: List of leaders of Russia events: Pithecusae (Ischia) is settled by Euboean Greeks from Eretria and Chalcis;;;;-785;; Cumae is founded by Chalcis;;;;-777;; Traditional date for the first historic Olympic games.;;;;-776;; The First Messenian War starts. (Date disputed by Jerome, Pausanias and Diodorus\; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war).;;;;-757;; Kyzikus is settled by Ionians;;;;-756;; Polydorus becomes king of Sparta.;;;;-754;; Athens: Office of Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias).;;;;-753;; Rhegion is founded by Euboeans;;;;-743;; Zancle is founded by Euboeans;;;;-740;; Alternate date for the end of the First Messenian War.;;;;-738;; Rhegion and Zancle join in union under Zancle;;;;-737;; Perdiccas I of Macedon flees from Argos to Macedonia and conquers the land.;;;;-735;; Polydorus sends colonists to Italy.;;;;-734;; Syracuse is founded by Korinthians and Teneans;;;;-734;; Kerkyra is founded by Korinthians;;;;-734;; Naxos (Sicily) is founded by Euboeans;;;;-733;; Troliton is founded by Megarans;;;;-733;; Euboea splits between Chalcis and Eretria due to disputes;;;;-732;; Sigeion is founded by Mytilene;;;;-731;; Catania is founded by Chalcidians;;;;-731;; Leontini is founded by Naxos and controlled by the tyrant Euarchus;;;;-730;; Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini;;;;-730;; Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle Thapsos;;;;-728;; ([727] - [717 BC]) Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter Leimone in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and Aristotle).;;;;-722;; Lelantine War between Chalcis and Eretria. Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain.;;;;-725;; Thapsos abandoned and Megara Hyblaea is settled by the Thapsos settlers;;;;-725;; Droughts on Euboea;Euboea;;;-729;-710; Korinth removes the Liburnia from Kerkyra;Liburnia;;;-729;-720; Sybaris is founded by Achaeans from Helice;;;;-720;; Polydorus, King of Sparta, is murdered by Polymarchus.;;;;-719;; Mylae is founded and annexed by Zancle;;;;-716;; According to legend: The reign of the Heraklids over Lydia is ended when Candaules, known as Myrsilus to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger.;;;;-716;; Lydia annexes Colophon and Magnesia and sieges Smyrna;;;;-715;; Lydia abandons the siege of Smyrna and annexes parts of Troad and Sipylus;;;;-712;; Korinth annexes Perachora peninsula from Megara;;;;-712;; Eretrian abandonment of Andros;;;;-719;-710; Kroton is founded by Achaeans;;;;-709;; Taras is founded by Dorians;;;;-707;; Hybla Minor is annexed by Megara Hyblaea;;;;-705;; Korinth gives Samos 4 ships;;;;-704;; Phaselis is founded by Rodians;;;;-700;; Erythra is annexed by Rhegion;;;;-700;; Metapontion is founded by Kroton and Sybaris;;;;-699;; Euarchus is overthrown by Leontini;;;;-698;; Lefkandi is occupied by Chalcis;;;;-696;; Polieum is founded by Ionians;;;;-695;; Antandrus is founded and annexed by Mytilene;;;;-691;; Pheidon becomes tyrant of Argos.;;;;-690;; Gela is founded by Cretans and Rodians;;;;-689;; Arisba is annexed by Methymna and Mytilene declares war on Methymna;;;;-688;; Annual office of Archon established in Athens. Any Athenian citizen can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications. Creon elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias).;;;;-687;; Methymna is annexed by Mytilene;;;;-686;; Megara gains independence from Korinth;;;;-686;; The second Messenian war begins.;;;;-685;; Chalcedon is founded by Megarans;;;;-685;; Epizephyrian Lokros is founded by Opos;;;;-680;; Pergamon is founded by Ionians;;;;-676;; Karystus is occupied by Korinth;;;;-674;; Abydos is settled by Miletus;;;;-672;; Melia is destroyed by Samos and Priene, Samos builds Fort Carium to replace it and Samos and Priene split Melia;;;;-671;; Miletus is sieged by Lydia, Priene is annexed by Lydia, Samos annexes former Melian territory;;;;-670;; (or [668 BC]) Battle of Hysiae;;;;-669;; Lydia abandons siege of Mietus;;;;-668;; Byzantium is founded by Korinthians;;;;-667;; The second Messenian war ends.;;;;-665;; Corcyran Revolt and First Sea Battle in ancient Greece between Corcyra and Korinthos;;;;-664;; Akrai is founded and annexed by Syracuse;;;;-664;; Cypselus subjects Corinth to tyranny.;;;;-657;; Founding of Lekas by Corinth;;;;-657;; Akanthus and Stageira are founded by Androsi;;;;-655;; Ephesus and Priene are sacked by Cimmerians;;;;-652;; Levantine War ends, Chalcis wins and annexes Levantine Plain;;;;-651;; The Pontic Pentapolis: Apollonia, Callatis, Mesembria (Nessebar), Odessos (Varna), and Tomis (Constanța), all on the Euxeinos Pontos.;;;;-650;; Andros, Kea and Tenos gain independence from Eretria, Cypselus leaves Karystus;;;;-650;; Syracuse annexes Pantalica;;;;-650;; Himera is founded by Zancleans;;;;-648;; Spartan wars with Tegea all unsuccessful;Tegea;;;-645;-560; Kasmenai is founded and annexed by Syracuse;;;;-643;; Drought on Thera;Santorini;;;-637;-630; Ambrakia founded by Tyrant Gorgus and Korinthians;;;;-633;; Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes Acropolis and tries unsuccessfully to make himself king;;;;-632;; Battus establishes a Greek colony in Cyrene in Libya.;;;;-631;; Helorus is founded and annexed by Syracuse;;;;-630;; Histria is established by Milesian settlers in order to facilitate trade with the native Getae.;;;;-630;; Founding of Tripolis by Samos;;;;-630;; Formal pederasty is introduced, first in Crete, as a means of population control and an educational modality.;;;;-630;; Selinus is founded by Hyblaea Megarans;;;;-628;; Epidamos is founded by Kerkyreans;;;;-627;; Cypselus is succeeded by Periander;;;;-627;; Establishment of Naucratis;;;;-625;; Draco, Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws, with many crimes punishable by death.;;;;-621;; Epidaurus is annexed by Korinth;;;;-621;; Herbessus is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-619;; Miletus is sieged by Lydia;;;;-616;; Leontini is overthrown by Panaetius;;;;-615;; Miletus is overthrown by Thrasybulos;;;;-612;; Panticapaeum (modern city Kerch) is founded by Milesians;;;;-610;; Panaetius is oust by Leontini;;;;-609;; Gorgus is succeeded by Periander;;;;-606;; Lydia abandons the Siege of Miletus;;;;-604;; Athenai annexes Sigeion;;;;-603;; Miletus and Korinth become allies;;;;-601;; Massalia founded by Phocaean Greeks (approximate date).;;;;-600;; Segesta is hellenized by Ionians;;;;-600;; Akrillai is founded and annexed by Syracuse;;;;-598;; Kamarina is founded and annexed by Syracuse;;;;-598;; Delphi gains independence from Kirrha;;;;-597;; Paleopoli is founded by Samosi;;;;-596;; Salamis is annexed by Athens;;;;-595;; Start of the First Sacred War;;;;-595;; Kirrha is sieged by Amphictyonic League;;;;-594;; Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes Archon pre-[582 BC] (cf. ML6 and Plutarch Sol. 14)—later, when member of the Areopagus is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in Athens, which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from Attica and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22-4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8).;;;;-594;; Ephesus is sieged by Persia;;;;-592;; Siege of Ephesus is abandoned, Lydia annexes Smyrna and Median-Lydian war starts;;;;-590;; Muorica (Renamed Modica) is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-590;; Sappho, Greek poet, flourishes on island of Lesbos.;;;;-590;; Klazomenai is sieged by Lydia;;;;-589;; Poseidonia is founded by Sybaris;;;;-588;; Siege of Klazomenai is abandoned by Lydia;;;;-587;; Death of Lycophron tyrant of Corcyra;;;;-586;; Plataea gains independence from Thebai;;;;-586;; Kirrha is destroyed;;;;-585;; Lydian-Median border set at Halys River;;;;-585;; The philosopher Thales of Miletus predicts a solar eclipse that occurs during the Battle of Halys.;;;;-585;; Periander is overthrown by Psammetichus;;;;-585;; End of the First Sacred War;;;;-585;; Psammetichus is overthrown by Korinth;;;;-583;; Akragas is founded by Gelans;;;;-582;; First recorded Pythian Games;;;;-582;; Selinus attacks Motya;;;;-581;; Korinth join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-581;; Foundation of Parthenope;;;;-580;; Selinus is defeated by Carthage and withdraws from Motya;;;;-580;; Periander is overthrown by democrats in Ambrakia;;;;-580;; Elis joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-580;; Lipari is founded by Knidosi;;;;-580;; Thrasybulos dies;;;;-578;; Empúries, also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries [əmˈpuɾiəs], Spanish: Ampurias [amˈpuɾjas]), a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion).;;;;-575;; Pisa and Olympia are annexed by Elis;;;;-572;; Akragas is overthrown by Phalaris;;;;-570;; Phocaeans from Massalia (modern day Marseille) founded the colony of Monoikos (Monaco).;;;;-570;; Pythagoras is born.;;;;-569;; Peisistratos, Athenian general, organizes Diakrioi, party of poor people.;;;;-565;; Peisistratos takes power in Athens for first time.;;;;-561;; Ephesus is besieged by Lydia;;;;-560;; Phalaris annexes Himera;;;;-560;; Ephesus is annexed by Lydia;;;;-559;; Lydia annexes Aeolis and Ionia;Aeolis;;;-559;-550; Achilleion is founded and annexed by Mytilene;;;;-559;; Argos is overthrown by Perilaus;;;;-557;; Phlius is overthrown by Leo;;;;-556;; Helike (Elche) is established by Greeks from the Achaian city of Helice;;;;-555;; Peisistratos driven out by Lycurgus who is commander of nobles.;;;;-555;; Miltiades I unites Thracian Chernessos under his rule;;;;-555;; Phalaris is overthrown by Akragas and Himera gains independence;;;;-554;; Kamarina declares independence from Syracuse;;;;-553;; Kamarina is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-552;; Telemachus overthrows Akragas;;;;-551;; Minoa is founded by Selinus;;;;-550;; Odessa is established by the Greek city of Histria.;;;;-550;; Miltiades II is born;;;;-550;; Peisistratos restored by help of Megacles.;;;;-549;; Boeotian League is founded;;;;-549;; Lesbos sieges Sigeion;;;;-548;; Athens repulses the Lesbans and Sigeion (Now ruled by Hegesistratos) becomes an Athenian vassal;;;;-547;; Sparta annexes Kynouria, Thyrea and Kythera from Argos;;;;-546;; Croesus, rich king of Lydia, captured at Sardis by Persians.;;;;-546;; Miletus is overthrown by Molpagoras;;;;-545;; Lygdamis becomes Tyrant of Naxos;;;;-545;; The ancient Greek colony of Hermonassa (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) is founded by Ionians and Cretans.;;;;-545;; Abdera starts its Golden Age;;;;-544;; Phanagoria, (Krasnodar Krai, Russia), is founded by Teian colonists who had to flee Asia Minor in consequence of their conflict with Cyrus the Great.;;;;-543;; Peisistratos expelled, makes fortune from Thracian mines.;;;;-542;; The colony of Gorgippia (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) was built by Pontic Greeks.;;;;-542;; Telemachus is overthrown by Alcamenes;;;;-541;; Naxan vassalization of Paros;;;;-540;; Selinus is overthrown by Theron;;;;-540;; Sybaris conquers Siris;;;;-538;; Samos is overthrown by Polycrates;;;;-538;; Samos annexes South Mycale from Miletus;;;;-536;; Perilaus dies;;;;-535;; Athens starts extracting tribute from Ios;;;;-534;; Croton is overthrown by Cylonius;;;;-532;; Peisistratos restored by Thessaly and Lygdamis of Naxos.;;;;-532;; Ikaria is annexed by Samos;;;;-531;; Emporion becomes a Carthaginian vassal;;;;-530;; Maktorion is founded by exiled Gelans;;;;-530;; Tegea joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-530;; Leo dies;;;;-529;; Maktorion is abandoned and the settlers move to Gela;;;;-528;; Peisistratos dies, succeeded by sons Hippias and Hipparchus.;;;;-527;; Rineia and Delos are annexed by Samos;;;;-527;; Cylonius is overthrwon by Kroton;;;;-526;; Netum is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-525;; The ancient Greek city of Euesperides, (modern day Benghazi) is founded by people from Cyrene;;;;-525;; Persian Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great takes Egypt.;;;;-525;; Samos annexes Donousa;;;;-524;; Lgydamis of Naxos is overthrown;;;;-524;; Chalcedon is annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-523;; Death of Polycrates of Samos and succession of Maiandrios;;;;-522;; Overthrow of Maiandros by Persian backed Syloson;;;;-521;; Peithagoras overthrows Theron;;;;-520;; Plataea leaves the Boeotian League and is sieged by the latter;;;;-519;; Miltiades is overthrown by Stesagoras;;;;-519;; Abydos declares independence from Stesagoras and is led by the Persian Tyrant Daphnis;;;;-519;; Athens repulses the Boeotians from Plataea;;;;-518;; Sybaris is overthrown by Telys;;;;-517;; Miltiades II an Athenian Tyrant succeeds Stesagoras and reincorporates Abydos;;;;-516;; Cassaibile is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-516;; Molpagoras is succeeded by Histiaeos;;;;-515;; Hippias becomes sole ruler after the death of Hipparchus.;;;;-515;; Tenedos, Lesbos and Abydos is annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-514;; Miltiades II defects from Athens to Persia;;;;-513;; Myrcinos is founded by Ionians;;;;-513;; Persia annexes Thrace (Region);;;;-513;; Cinyps, Libya, a failed Greek attempt to build a city under the leadership of Dorieus.;;;;-513;; Antandrus is annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-512;; Persian vassalization of Naxos;;;;-512;; Piraeus is founded and annexed by Athens;;;;-511;; Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-511;; Kroton annexes Sybaris and overthrows Telys;;;;-510;; Pythagoras establishes his own school.;;;;-510;; Peithagoras is overthrown by Euryleon;;;;-510;; Minoa is renamed Heraclea Minoa;;;;-510;; Cinyps is annexed by Carthage;;;;-510;; Andros and Naxos are annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-508;; Hippias is forced to leave Athens.;;;;-508;; Plataea is sieged by Boeotian League;;;;-507;; Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy.;;;;-507;; Boeotian League is repulsed from Plataea by Athens;;;;-506;; Cumae is overthrown by Aristodemus;;;;-506;; Alcamenes is overthrown by Alcandros;;;;-506;; The Levantine Plain is conquered by Athens and becomes a Cleurchy;;;;-506;; Hegesistratos of Sigeion dies;;;;-505;; Cleander overthrows Gela;;;;-505;; Cleinias overthrows Croton;;;;-504;; Taras defeats the Iapygians;;;;-504;; Naxos declares independence from the Persian Empire;;;;-503;; Euryleon is overthrown by Selinus;;;;-502;; Pythagoras dies in Croton, Italy, when he was in Metapontum?;;;;-500;; Heraclea Minoa is sacked by Carthage;;;;-500;; Morgantina and Centuripe are hellenized and Licodia is founded by Leontini;;;;-500;; Miletus Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory);;;;-499;; Independence of Paros;;;;-499;; Alcandros is overthrown by Akragas;;;;-499;; Ionian Revolt starts;;;;-499;; Éphesos, Klazomenai, Mílētos, Samos, Myus, Chios, Samos, Mytilene, Mylasa, Termera, Kyme and Priene declare independence from Persian Empire;;;;-499;; Cyprus (Except Amathos), Caria, Paesos, Abydos, Cios, Percote, Lampsakos, Myrcinos, Tenedos, Dardanos, and Byzantium declare independence from Persian Empire;;;;-498;; Amathos is sieged by Cyprus;;;;-498;; Cleander is overthrown by Hippocrates;;;;-498;; Hippocrates vassalized Leontini and puts Aenesidemus as tyrant;;;;-498;; Licodia is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-498;; Eion is sieged by Athens;;;;-497;; Dardanos, Myrcinos, Abydos, Kyme, Klazomenai, Percote, Lampsakos, Cyprus, Cios and Paesos are reannexed by Persian Empire;;;;-497;; Catania is vassalized by Hippocrates and Deinmenes is put in charge as tyrant;;;;-497;; Persian Empire occupies all Carian land north of Pedasos (Carian);;;;-497;; Byzantium is overthrown by Histiaeos;;;;-496;; Myrcinos is reannexed by the Persian Empire;;;;-496;; Athenian Tyrant Miltiades II annexes Thracian Chernessos;;;;-496;; Naxos is vassalized by Hippocrates;;;;-496;; Cleinias dies;;;;-495;; Rhegium is overthrown by Anaxilas;;;;-494;; Zancle is vassalized by Hippocrates and Scythes put in charge;;;;-494;; Priene, Samos and Miletus are annexed by Persian Empire;;;;-494;; Byzantium sieges Thasus;;;;-493;; Ionian revolt crushed;;;;-493;; Zancle is settled by Samian refugees and renamed Messene;;;;-493;; Zancle is conquered by Rhegion;;;;-493;; Kamarina (now rebuilt) and are vassalized by Hippocrates;;;;-492;; Abdera and Thracian Chernessos are annexed by the Persian Empire;;;;-492;; Hippocrates is overthrown by Gelon;;;;-491;; Fort Scyllaeum is founded by Rhegion;;;;-491;; Aristodemus dies;;;;-490;; Persian conquest of Rhodes;;;;-490;; Persian Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory);;;;-490;; Persian conquest of Paros;;;;-490;; Persian sacking of Eretria;;;;-490;; Themistocles and Miltiades, Athenians, defeat Darius at Marathon, Phidippides runs with news.;;;;-490;; Taras defeats the Iapygians in battle;;;;-490;; Akragas is overthrown by Theron;;;;-488;; Himera is overthrown by Terillus;;;;-486;; Gelon annexes Syracuse (Except Kamarina and Licodia), Gela is given to Hieron;;;;-485;; Kamarina is destroyed by Gelon;;;;-484;; Aeschylus, Athenian playwright wins his first victory at the City Dionysia.;;;;-484;; Megara Hyblaea and Licodia are destroyed by Gelon;;;;-483;; Theron puts his son Thrasydaeus in charge of Himera as his vassal;;;;-483;; Andros, Aegina and Akanthus among many other Greek Poleis declare allegiance to Persia;;;;-481;; The Naxos, Milos, Sparta, Athens, Korinth, Kythnos and many other Greek Poleis form the Hellenic League to fight against the Persian Empire;;;;-481;;