List of Roman consuls
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period.
Background
Republican consuls
From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings.[1][2] As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used.[2] If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to replace him. Although his imperium was the same as his predecessor's, he was termed consul suffectus, in order to distinguish him from the consul ordinarius whom he replaced; but the eponymous magistrates for each year were normally the consules ordinarii.[1][2]
Because of this method of dating events, it was important to keep records of each year's eponymous magistrates. Many such lists have survived, either in the form of monumental inscriptions, conventionally referred to as fasti, or indirectly through the ancient historians, who had access to linen rolls recording the names of magistrates. Although these lists account for the entire period of the Republic, and most of Imperial times, there are discrepancies due to gaps and disagreements between different sources. Many of these no doubt arose as copying errors, especially those that involved the substitution of a familiar name for a less common one. Others may represent later attempts to edit the lists in order to explain deficiencies in the record, to reconcile conflicting traditions, or to ascribe particular actions or events to the time of a particular individual.[3]
Other magistrates included
Occasionally, the authority of the consuls was temporarily superseded by the appointment of a dictator, who held greater imperium than that of the consuls.[1] By tradition, these dictators laid down their office upon the completion of the task for which they were nominated, or after a maximum period of six months, and did not continue in office longer than the year for which the nominating consul had been elected.[4] However, in four years at the end of the fourth century BC, dictators are said to have continued in office in the year following their nomination, in place of consuls. Modern scholars are skeptical of these years, which might be due to later editing of the lists of magistrates in order to fill a gap.[5] All known dictators have been included in this table.
Two other types of magistrates are listed during the period of the Republic. In the year 451 BC, a board of ten men, known as decemviri, or decemvirs, was appointed in place of the consuls in order to draw up the tables of Roman law, in a sense establishing the Roman constitution. According to tradition, a second college of decemvirs was appointed for the next year, and these continued in office illegally into 449, until they were overthrown in a popular revolt, and the consulship was reinstated.[6][7]
Among the disputes which the decemvirs failed to resolve was the relationship between the patricians, Rome's hereditary aristocracy, and the plebeians, or common citizens. Although it has been argued that some of the consuls prior to the Decemvirate may have been plebeians, the office was definitely closed to them in the second half of the fifth century BC. To prevent open hostility between the two orders, the office of military tribune with consular power, or "consular tribune", was established. In place of patrician consuls, the people could elect a number of military tribunes, who might be either patrician or plebeian.[2][8]
According to Livy, this compromise held until 376 BC, when two of the tribunes of the plebs, Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus, blocked the election of any magistrates for the following year, unless the senate would agree to place a law before the people opening the consulship to the plebeians, and effecting other important reforms. The senate refused, and the tribunes continued to prevent the election of magistrates for several years until the senate capitulated, and the lex Licinia Sextia was passed, leading to the election of the first plebeian consul in 367.[2][8][9] Other accounts of this event are inconsistent, and current scholarly opinion is that the duration of the period without magistrates may have been exaggerated, or even invented to fill a gap in the record; nevertheless Roman tradition unanimously holds that Licinius and Sextius were able to open the consulship to the plebeians.[10]
The consulship in imperial times
In Imperial times the consulship became the senior administrative office under the emperors, who frequently assumed the title of consul themselves, and appointed other consuls at will.[1] The consulship was often bestowed as a political favour, or a reward for faithful service. Because there could only be two consuls at once, the emperors frequently appointed several sets of suffecti sequentially in the course of a year; holding the consulship for an entire year became a special honour.[1][2] As the office lost much of its executive authority, and the number of consuls appointed for short and often irregular periods increased, surviving lists from Imperial times are often incomplete, and have been reconstructed from many sources, not always with much certainty. In many cases it is stated that a particular person had been consul, but the exact time cannot be firmly established.
As an institution, the consulship survived the abdication of the last emperor of the West, and for a time consuls continued to be appointed, one representing the Eastern Roman Empire, and the other the Western, even as the Western Empire dissolved as a political entity. The last consuls appointed represented only the Eastern Empire, until finally the title became the sole province of the Emperor, who might or might not assume it upon taking office.[1][2]
Chronology
For the early Republic, this article observes the Varronian chronology, established by the historian Marcus Terentius Varro, who calculated that Rome was founded in what is now called the year 753 BC (the founding of the city was traditionally observed on the Palilia, a festival occurring on April 21). This becomes the year 1 ab urbe condita, or AUC. The Republic was established in 245 AUC, or 509 BC. Although other ancient historians gave different years, Varro's chronology was the most widely accepted; it was used in the Fasti Capitolini, and its use by Censorinus brought it to the attention of Joseph Scaliger, who helped popularize its use in modern times.[11][12]
For Imperial times, the dates of the consules ordinarii are far more certain than those of the suffecti, who were not recorded with the same attention as the eponymous magistrates. Their identification and dating is far more controversial, and despite the efforts of generations of scholars, gaps in coverage remain. Known consules suffecti are shown with their known (or reconstructed) dates of tenure, which normally varied from two to six months — although one suffect consul, Rosius Regulus, is known to have held the fasces for a single day, October 31, AD 69.[13] Where neither consul is known or inferred for a portion of the year, their names are omitted for convenience; if one consul can be named, but his colleague is unknown, the unnamed colleague is listed as ignotus (unknown).
Consules prior and posterior
The consul named first in the lists was identified as consul prior, whereas the other was called consul posterior. The two consuls' authority was technically equal.[1] There is evidence that, during the late Republic, the consul elected with the most votes became the consul prior, and the consul elected first also may have been the first in the year to hold fasces (take precedence), but the evidence is not conclusive.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The surviving sources for the order of the consuls in the early Republic show some measure of conflict in just under half of the cases.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lily Ross Taylor argues that the emperor Augustus falsified some of the records in order to give prominence to several families, and that the order of consuls as reported by the historian Livy is the most reliable.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Drummond disagrees: he argues that Livy himself switches the correct order at times for literary purposes, and that discrepant entries in the sources are most likely simply the result of negligence.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Although there is probably one 'correct' order for all the consuls of the republic, or at least one underlying tradition reporting it, no surviving source seems to be more reliable than another to a significant extent.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
When the emperor assumed the consulship, he was necessarily consul prior. This distinction continued until the fourth century AD, when the Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire: the consuls who were appointed by the court in the Western Empire, which was sometimes at Rome, are commonly identified as the "Western consul", and those appointed by the court in the Eastern, usually Constantinople, the "Eastern consul". These designations were used until the end of the consulship in the sixth century.[14]
Other lists of consuls
For a list of consuls whose year of office is uncertain or entirely unknown (usually suffecti, although some of the ordinarii in the breakaway Gallic Empire also lack dates[15]), see the List of undated Roman consuls. For those individuals who were elected consul but never assumed the office due to death, disgrace, or any other reason, see List of Roman consuls designate.
Key
Latin terms
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (abbreviated Imp.) = literally "commander"; originally an honorary title bestowed upon a general by his soldiers, the term later became part of the style of the emperors, and the word "emperor" is derived from it.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (abbreviated suff.) = a substitute elected or appointed in place of a magistrate who died or resigned. Information is not available for all consules suffecti, and some may not be listed.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. = unknown. All consuls who can be assigned to a particular date, at least tentatively, are included in this table. If neither consul for a given period is known, they are entirely omitted; if one is known, and the other is not, the unknown colleague is referred to as ignotus.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. = without colleague. On a few occasions before the dissolution of the Western Empire, only one consul was appointed.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. = after the (preceding) consulship. Used for gaps when no consuls were appointed for a period following the end of another consulship, or at least none are known to have been appointed.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. = among others.
Abbreviations for praenomina
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Colors
Sixth century BC (509–501)
Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of the consuls between 509 and 81 BC are taken from Thomas Broughton's The Magistrates of the Roman Republic.
Fifth century BC (500–401)
Fourth century BC (400–301)
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 400 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus | P. Manlius Vulso | |
| L. Titinius Pansa Saccus | P. Maelius Capitolinus | |
| Sp. Furius Medullinus | L. Publilius Philo Vulscus | |
| 399 | Consular tribunes | |
| Cn. Genucius Augurinus | L. Atilius Priscus | |
| M. Pomponius Rufus | C. Duillius Longus | |
| M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | Volero Publilius Philo | |
| 398 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Potitus V | M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus | |
| M. Furius Camillus II | L. Furius Medullinus III | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas II | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus II | |
| 397 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Julius Iullus II | L. Furius Medullinus IV | |
| L. Sergius Fidenas | A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | |
| P. Cornelius Maluginensis | A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus III | |
| 396 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Titinius Pansa Saccus II | P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus II | |
| P. Maelius Capitolinus II | Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus | |
| Cn. Genucius Augurinus II | L. Atilius Priscus II | |
| 395 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Cornelius Cossus | P. Cornelius Scipio | |
| K. Fabius Ambustus III | L. Furius Medullinus V | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas III | M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus II | |
| 394 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus III | L. Furius Medullinus VI | |
| C. Aemilius Mamercinus | L. Valerius Poplicola | |
| Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | P. Cornelius (Maluginensis or Scipio or Cossus) II | |
| 393 | L. Valerius Potitus (invalidated) | Cornelius Maluginensis (invalidated) |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus | |
| 392 | L. Valerius Potitus II | M. Manlius Capitolinus |
| 391 | Consular tribunes[40] | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus[41] | L. Furius Medullinus VII | |
| Agrippa Furius Fusus | C. Aemilius Mamercinus II | |
| 390 | Consular tribunesLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Q. Sulpicius Longus | Q. Fabius Ambustus | |
| K. Fabius Ambustus IV | N. (or Cn.) Fabius Ambustus II | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas IV | P. Cornelius Maluginensis II | |
| 389 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola II | L. Verginius Tricostus (Esquilinus II?) | |
| P. Cornelius | A. Manlius Capitolinus | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus II | L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | |
| (?) L. Papirius (Mugillanus?)[42] | (?) M. Furius | |
| 388 | Consular tribunes | |
| T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus | Q. Servilius Fidenas V | |
| L. Julius Iullus | L. Aquillius Corvus | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus II | Ser. Sulpicius Rufus | |
| 387 | Consular tribunes[43] | |
| L. Papirius Cursor | Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus III | Licinus Menenius Lanatus | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola III | ||
| 386 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus IV | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas VI | L. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| L. Horatius Pulvillus | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola | |
| 385 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Manlius Capitolinus II | P. Cornelius | |
| T. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) Capitolinus II | L. Quinctius Capitolinus | |
| L. Papirius Cursor II | Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo II | |
| 384 | Consular tribunes | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis II | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola II | |
| M. Furius Camillus V | Ser. Sulpicius Rufus II | |
| C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus[44] | T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus (III?) | |
| 383 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola IV | A. Manlius Capitolinus IV | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Rufus III | L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus III | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus IV | M. Trebonius | |
| 382 | Consular tribunes | |
| Sp. Papirius Crassus | L. Papirius (Mugillanus?) | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis III | Q. Servilius Fidenas | |
| C. Sulpicius Camerinus | L. Aemilius Mamercinus V | |
| 381 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus VI | A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II | |
| L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II | L. Furius Medullinus | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus IV | M. Fabius Ambustus | |
| 380 | Consular tribunes[45] | |
| L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola III | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis IV | Licinus Menenius Lanatus II | |
| C. Sulpicius Peticus | L. Aemilius Mamercinus VI | |
| Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo III | Ti. Papirius Crassus | |
| L. Papirius Mugillanus II | ||
| 379 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Manlius Capitolinus | Cn. Manlius Vulso | |
| L. Julius Iullus II | C. Sextilius | |
| M. Albinius | L. Antistius | |
| P. Trebonius[46] | C. Erenucius[46] | |
| 378 | Consular tribunes | |
| Sp. (or L.) Furius | Q. Servillius Fidenas II | |
| Licinus Menenius Lanatus III | P. Cloelius Siculus | |
| M. Horatius[47] | L. Geganius Macerinus[47] | |
| 377 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola IV | |
| C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | Ser. Sulpicius (Rufus IV or Praetextatus) | |
| L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III | C. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| 376 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Papirius (Mugillanus?) III | Licinus Menenius Lanatus IV | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis V | Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus II | |
| 375 – 371 |
solitudo magistratuum According to Livy (6.35), the tribunes Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius introduced new laws known as the Lex Licinia Sextia, which provoked strong resistance from the patricians. Licinius Stolo and Sextius resorted to using the tribunican veto to prevent either consuls or consular tribunes from being elected. The actual length of this period is controversial, with primary sources stating it was one (Diodorus Siculus), five (Fasti Capitolini), or ten (Livy) years.[48] | |
| 370 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Furius Medullinus II | A. Manlius Capitolinus V | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus III | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VI | |
| P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V | C. Valerius Potitus | |
| 369 | Consular tribunes | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas III | C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II | |
| A. Cornelius Cossus | M. Cornelius Maluginensis | |
| Q. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) | M. Fabius Ambustus II | |
| 368 | Consular tribunes | |
| T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VII | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus IV | Sp. Servilius Structus | |
| L. Papirius Crassus | L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | |
| 367 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Cornelius Cossus II | M. Cornelius Maluginensis II | |
| M. Geganius Macerinus | P. Manlius Capitolinus II | |
| L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola VI | |
| 366 | L. Aemilius Mamercinus | L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus |
| 365 | L. Genucius Aventinensis | Q. Servilius Ahala |
| 364 | C. Sulpicius Peticus | C. Licinius Calvus[49] |
| 363 | Cn. Genucius Aventinensis | L. Aemilius Mamercinus II |
| 362 | Q. Servilius Ahala II | L. Genucius Aventinensis II |
| 361 | C. Licinius Stolo[49] | C. Sulpicius Peticus II |
| 360 | M. Fabius Ambustus | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus |
| 359 | M. Popillius Laenas | Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus |
| 358 | C. Fabius Ambustus | C. Plautius Proculus |
| 357 | C. Marcius Rutilus | Cn. Manlius Capitolinus (Imperiosus II?)Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| 356 | M. Fabius Ambustus II | M. Popillius Laenas II |
| 355 | C. Sulpicius Peticus III | M. Valerius Poplicola |
| 354 | M. Fabius Ambustus III | T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus[50] |
| 353 | C. Sulpicius Peticus IV | M. Valerius Poplicola II |
| 352 | P. Valerius Poplicola | C. Marcius Rutilus II |
| 351 | C. Sulpicius Peticus V | T. (or C. or K.) Quinctius Poenus (II?)Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| 350 | M. Popillius Laenas III | L. Cornelius Scipio |
| 349 | L. Furius Camillus[51] | Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis |
| 348 | M. Valerius Corvus | M. Popillius Laenas IV |
| 347 | C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus |
| 346 | M. Valerius Corvus II | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus II |
| 345 | M. Fabius Dorsuo | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus |
| 344 | C. Marcius Rutilus III | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus II |
| 343 | M. Valerius Corvus III | A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina |
| 342 | Q. Servilius Ahala III | C. Marcius Rutilus IV |
| 341 | C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) II | L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas |
| 340 | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus III | P. Decius Mus |
| 339 | Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus | Q. Publilius Philo |
| 338 | L. Furius Camillus | C. Maenius |
| 337 | C. Sulpicius Longus | P. Aelius Paetus |
| 336 | L. Papirius Crassus | K. Duilius |
| 335 | M. Atilius Regulus Calenus | M. Valerius Corvus IV |
| 334 | Sp. Postumius Albinus (Caudinus) | T. Veturius Calvinus |
| 333 | Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus (fictitious year)[52] | |
| 332 | Cn. Domitius Calvinus | A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina II |
| 331 | C. Valerius Potitus | M. Claudius Marcellus |
| 330 | L. Papirius Crassus II | L. Plautius Venno (or Venox) |
| 329 | L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas II | C. Plautius Decianus |
| 328 | Plautius[53] | P. Cornelius (Scapula or Scipio Barbatus) |
| 327 | L. Cornelius Lentulus | Q. Publilius Philo II |
| 326 | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus III | L. Papirius Cursor |
| 325 | L. Furius Camillus II | D. Junius Brutus Scaeva |
| 324 | Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor (fictitious year)[52] | |
| 323 | C. Sulpicius Longus II | Q. Aulius Cerretanus |
| 322 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus | L. Fulvius Curvus |
| 321 | T. Veturius Calvinus II | Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus II |
| 320 | Q. Publilius Philo IIILua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | L. Papirius Cursor II |
| 319 | L. Papirius Cursor III | Q. Aulius Cerretanus II |
| 318 | M. Folius Flaccinator | L. Plautius Venno (or Venox) |
| 317 | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus | Q. Aemilius Barbula |
| 316 | Sp. Nautius Rutilus | M. Popillius Laenas |
| 315 | L. Papirius Cursor IV | Q. Publilius Philo IV |
| 314 | M. Poetelius Libo | C. Sulpicius Longus III |
| 313 | L. Papirius Cursor V | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II |
| 312 | M. Valerius Maximus (Corvinus) | P. Decius Mus |
| 311 | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus III | Q. Aemilius Barbula II |
| 310 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus II | C. Marcius Rutilus (Censorinus) |
| 309 | Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor (fictitious year)[52] | |
| 308 | P. Decius Mus II | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus III |
| 307 | Ap. Claudius Caecus[54] | L. Volumnius Flamma Violens |
| 306 | Q. Marcius Tremulus | P. Cornelius Arvina |
| 305 | L. Postumius Megellus | Ti. Minucius Augurinus |
| suff. | M. Fulvius Curvus Paetinus | |
| 304 | P. Sempronius Sophus | P. Sulpicius Saverrio |
| 303 | Ser. Cornelius Lentulus | L. Genucius Aventinensis |
| 302 | M. Livius Denter | M. Aemilius Paullus |
| 301 | Dictator: M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (fictitious year)[52] | |
Third century BC (300–201)
Second century BC (200–101)
First century BC (100–1)
First century (1–100)
Second century (101–200)
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 101[88] | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus IV (January) | Q. Articuleius Paetus II (January–March) |
| suff. | Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus (February–March) | |
| suff. | C. Sertorius Brocchus Q. Servaeus Innocens (April–May) | M. Maecius Celer |
| suff. | [...]us Proculus (sometime between May and October) | ignotus |
| suff.[89] | L. Arruntius Stella (attested October) | L. Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex |
| 102 | L. Julius Ursus Servianus II (January–April) | L. Licinius Sura II (January–February) |
| suff. | L. Fabius Justus (March–April) | |
| suff.[90] | T. Didius Secundus (May–August) | L. Publilius Celsus |
| suff. | L. Antonius Albus (September–December) | M. Junius Homullus |
| 103 | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus V (January) | M'. Laberius Maximus II (January–March) |
| suff. | Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola II (January–March) | |
| suff. | P. Metilius Nepos (April–June) | Q. Baebius Macer |
| suff. | [? M. Flavius Ap]er[91] (July–September) | C. Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus |
| suff. | (A?)nnius Mela (October–December) | P. Calpurnius Macer Caulius Rufus |
| 104 | Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus II | M. Asinius Marcellus |
| suff.[92] | Sex. Subrius Dexter Cornelius Priscus | Cn. C[---]ius Paullus Caesonianus |
| 105 | Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus II (January–March) | C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus II |
| suff. | C. Julius Quadratus Bassus (May–August) | Cn. Afranius Dexter (May–15 July) |
| suff. | Q. Caelius Honoratus (July–August) | |
| suff. | M. Vitorius Marcellus (September–December) | C. Caecilius Strabo |
| 106 | L. Ceionius Commodus | Sex. Vettulenus Civica Cerialis |
| suff. | L. Minicius Natalis | Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius Proculus |
| 107 | L. Licinius Sura III (January–February or April)[93] | Q. Sosius Senecio II |
| suff. | Acilius Rufus[94] (March–April) | |
| suff. | C. Minicius Fundanus (May–August) | C. Vettennius Severus |
| suff. | C. Julius Longinus (September–December) | C. Valerius Paullinus |
| 108 | Ap. Annius Trebonius Gallus (January–?) | M. Appius Bradua |
| suff. | P. Aelius Hadrianus (attested 22 June) | M. Trebatius Priscus |
| suff.[95] | Q. Pompeius Falco (attested 27 July) | M. Titius Lustricus Bruttianus |
| 109 | A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus II (January–February) | P. Calvisius Tullus Ruso (January–April) |
| suff. | L. Annius Largus (March–April) | |
| suff. | Cn. Antonius Fuscus (May–August) | C. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus |
| suff. | C. Aburnius Valens (September–December) | C. Julius Proculus |
| 110 | M. Peducaeus Priscinus (January–March) | Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus |
| suff. | C. Avidius Nigrinus (April–June) | Ti. Julius Aquila Polemaeanus |
| suff. | L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus (July–September) | C. Erucianus Silo |
| suff. | A. Larcius Priscus (October–December) | Sex. Marcius Honoratus |
| 111 | C. Calpurnius Piso (January–April) | M. Vettius Bolanus |
| suff. | T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) | L. Eggius Marullus |
| suff. | L. Octavius Crassus (September–December) | P. Coelius Apollinaris |
| 112 | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus VI (January) | T. Sextius Cornelius Africanus (January–March) |
| suff. | [M. ?] Licinius Ruso (January–March) | |
| suff. | Cn. Pinarius Cornelius Severus (April–June) | L. Mummius Niger Q. Valerius Vegetus |
| suff. | P. Stertinius Quartus (July–September) | T. Julius Maximus Manlianus Brocchus Servilianus |
| suff. | C. Claudius Severus (October–December) | T. Settidius Firmus |
| 113 | L. Publilius Celsus II (January) | C. Clodius Crispinus (January–April) |
| suff. | Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus (February–April) | |
| suff. | L. Stertinius Noricus (May–August) | L. Fadius Rufinus |
| suff. | Cn. Cornelius Urbicus (September–December) | T. Sempronius Rufus |
| 114 | Q. Ninnius Hasta (January–April) | P. Manilius Vopiscus Vicinillianus |
| suff. | C. Clodius Nummus (May–August) | L. Caesennius Sospes[96] |
| suff. | L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (September–December) | M. Messius Rusticus[97] |
| 115 | L. Vipstanus Messalla (January–April) | M. Pedo Vergilianus (January) |
| suff. | T. Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus (February–April) | |
| suff. | L. Julius Frugi (May–August) | P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus |
| suff. | M. Pompeius Macrinus Neos Theophanes (September–December) | T. Vibius Varus |
| 116[98] | L. Fundanius Lamia Aelianus (January–March) | Sex. Carminius Vetus |
| suff. | Ti. Julius Secundus (April–June) | M. Egnatius Marcellinus |
| suff. | D. Terentius Gentianus (July–September) | L. Co[...][99] |
| suff. | L. Statius Aquila (October–December) | C. Julius Alexander Berenicianus |
| 117 | Q. Aquilius Niger (January–? March) | M. Rebilus Apronianus |
| suff. | L. Cossonius Gallus (attested 16 August) | P. Afranius Flavianus |
| suff. | ignotus (attested 8 September) | Cn. Minicius Faustinus |
| 118[100] | Imp. Caesar Trajanus Hadrianus Augustus II (January–June) | Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (January–February) |
| suff. | Bellicius Tebanianus (March) | |
| suff. | C. Ummidius Quadratus (attested May) | |
| suff. | L. Pomponius Bassus (attested 9 July and 31 August) | T. Sabinius Barbarus |
| 119[101] | Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus III (January–April) | P. Dasumius Rusticus (January–February) |
| suff. | A. Platorius Nepos (March–April) | |
| suff. | M. Paccius Silvanus Q. Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus (May–June) | Q. Vibius Gallus |
| suff. | C. Herennius Capella (November–December) | L. Coelius Rufus |
| 120[102] | L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus II | T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus |
| suff. | C. Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus (May–June) | T. Rutilius Propinquus |
| suff. | C. Arminius Gallus[103] (attested 19 October) | C. Atilius Serranus |
| 121 | M. Annius Verus II (January–February) | Cn. Arrius Augur |
| suff. | M. Herennius Faustus (March–April) | Q. Pomponius Marcellus |
| suff. | T. Pomponius Antistianus Funisulanus Vettonianus (May–June) | L. Pomponius Silvanus |
| suff. | M. Statorius Secundus (July–August) | L. Sempronius Merula Auspicatus |
| 122[100] | M'. Acilius Aviola | L. Corellius Neratius Pansa |
| suff. | Ti. Julius Candidus Capito (attested 17 July) | L. Vitrasius Flamininus |
| suff. | C. Trebius Maximus (attested 18 November) | T. Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus |
| 123[104] | Q. Articuleius Paetinus | L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus |
| suff. | T. Prifernius Geminus (attested 16 June) | P. Metilius Secundus |
| suff. | T. Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus (attested 10 August) | Cn. Sentius Aburnianus |
| 124[105] | M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) | C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus Tebanianus |
| suff. | A. Larcius Macedo (May–August) | P. Ducenius Verres |
| suff. | C. Julius Gallus (September–December) | C. Valerius Severus |
| 125 | M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus II | L. Titius Epidius Aquilinus |
| suff. | Q. Vetina Verus[106] (attested 1 June) | P. Lucius Cosconianus |
| 126 | M. Annius Verus III (January–February) | C. Eggius Ambibulus |
| suff. | L. Valerius Propinquus (From 1 March) | |
| suff. | L. Cuspius Camerinus (attested 1 July) | C. Saenius Severus |
| 127 | T. Atilius Rufus Titianus (January–March) | M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus |
| suff. | P. Tullius Varro (April) | [D.?] Junius Paetus |
| suff. | Q. Tineius Rufus (May–September) | M. Licinius Celer Nepos |
| suff. | L. Aemilius Juncus (October–December) | Sex. Julius Severus |
| 128 | L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas II (January) | M. Annius Libo (January–March) |
| suff. | L. Caesennius Antoninus (February–March) | |
| suff. | M. Junius Mettius Rufus (April–June) | Q. Pomponius Maternus |
| suff. | L. Valerius Flaccus (July–September) | M. [Junius Homullus ?][107] |
| suff. | A. Egrilius Plarianus (October–December) | Q. [Planius Sardus Varius Ambibulus ?][108] |
| 129 | P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus II (January – after 22 March) | L. Neratius Marcellus II (January–? February) |
| suff. | Q. Julius Balbus (attested 22 March) | |
| 130 | Q. Fabius Catullinus (January–February) | M. Flavius Aper |
| suff. | Cassius Agrippa (or Agrippinus) (attested 19 March) | Ti. Claudius Quartinus |
| 131[109] | Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus (January–April) | M. Antonius Rufinus |
| suff. | L. Fabius Gallus (May–August) | Q. Fabius Julianus |
| 132 | C. Junius Serius Augurinus (January–April) | C. Trebius Sergianus |
| suff. | C. Acilius Priscus (September–December) | A. Cassius Arrianus |
| 133 | M. Antonius Hiberus (January–April) | P. Mummius Sisenna |
| suff. | Q. Flavius Tertullus (May–August) | Q. Junius Rusticus |
| suff. | Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes (September–December) | P. Sufenas Verus |
| 134 | L. Julius Ursus Servianus III (January–March) | T. Vibius Varus (January–April) |
| suff. | T. Haterius Nepos (attested 2 April) | |
| suff. | P. Licinius Pansa (attested September–December) | L. Attius Macro |
| 135 | L. Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus (January–April) | P. Calpurnius Atilianus (Atticus Rufus?) |
| suff. | M. Cutius Priscus Messius Rusticus Aemilius Papus Arrius Proculus Julius Celsus (May–August) |
L. Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus |
| suff. | P. Rutilius Fabianus (September–December) | Cn. Papirius Aelianus Aemilius Tuscillus |
| 136[110] | L. Ceionius Commodus | Sex. Vettulenus Civica Pompeianus |
| 137 | L. Aelius Caesar II | P. Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius |
| 138[111] | Kanus Junius Niger | C. Pomponius Camerinus |
| 1 Apr. | M. Vindius Verus | P. Pactumeius Clemens |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Oct. | P. Cassius Secundus | M. Nonius Mucianus |
| 139 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius II | C. Bruttius Praesens L. Fulvius Rusticus II |
| May? | unidentified | unidentified |
| Jul.? | L. Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus | L. Claudius Proculus |
| Sep.? | unidentified | [C. Julius? S]capula |
| 1 Nov. | M. Ceccius Justinus | C. Julius Bassus |
| 140 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius III | M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar |
| 1 May | Q. Antonius Isauricus | L. Aurelius Flaccus |
| suff. | Julius Crassipes (between June and October) | unidentified |
| 1 Nov. | M. Barbius Aemilianus | T. Flavius Julianus |
| 141 | T. Hoenius Severus | M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus |
| 1 Mar. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 May | C. Julius Pisibanus | [Larcius?] Lepidus |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Sep. | T. Caesernius Statianus | unidentified |
| 1 Nov. | L. Annius Fabianus | unidentified |
| 142 | L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus | L. Statius Quadratus |
| 1 Apr. | L. Granius Castus | Ti. Junius Julianus |
| 1 Jul. | M. Cornelius Fronto | C. Laberius Priscus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Tusidius Campester | Q. Cornelius Senecio Annianus |
| 1 Nov. | [Sulpicius?] Julianus | [Ti. Julius? Castus] |
| 143 | C. Bellicus Flaccus Torquatus | L. Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes |
| 1 Apr. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Jul. | Q. Junius Calamus | M. Valerius Junianus |
| 1 Oct. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 144 | L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus | T. Statilius Maximus |
| 1 Mar. | L. Aemilius Carus | Q. Egrilius Plarianus |
| Jul.? | unidentified | Q. Laberius Licinianus |
| 1 Oct. | L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus | D. Velius Fidus |
| 145 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius IV | M. Aurelius Caesar II |
| Mar.? | L. Plautius Lamia Silvanus | L. Poblicola Priscus |
| 1 May | Cn. Arrius Cornelius Proculus | D. Junius [Paetus?] |
| 1 Jul. | Q. Mustius Priscus | M. Pontius Laelianus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Petronius Sabinus | C. Vicrius Rufus |
| 1 Nov. | C. Fadius Rufus | P. Vicrius |
| 146 | Sex. Erucius Clarus II | Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus |
| Mar. | Q. Licinius Modestinus (Sex.?) Attius Labeo | |
| 1 May | P. Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus | T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Nonius Agricola C. Labeo Tettius Geminus |
| 1 Jul. | Cn. Terentius Homullus Iunior | L. Aurelius Gallus |
| 1 Sep. | Q. Voconius Saxa Fidus | C. Annianus Verus |
| 1 Nov. | L. Aemilius Longus | Q. Cornelius Proculus |
| 147 | C. Ulpius Pacatus Prastina Messalinus | L. Annius Largus |
| 1 Apr. | A. Claudius Charax | Q. Fuficius Cornutus |
| 1 Jul. | Cupressenus Gallus | Q. Cornelius Quadratus |
| 1 Oct. | Sex. Cocceius Severianus Honorinus | Ti. Licinius Cassius Cassianus |
| suff. | C. Popilius Carus Pedo | |
| 148 | L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius Julianus Aemilianus | C. Bellicus Calpurnius Torquatus |
| 1 Apr. | Satyrius Firmus | C. Salvius Capito |
| 1 Jul. | L. Coelius Festus | P. Orfidius Senecio |
| Oct.? | C. Fabius Agrippinus | M. Antonius Zeno |
| 149 | L. Sergius Salvidienus Scipio Orfitus[112] | Q. Pompeius Sosius Priscus |
| Jul.? | Q. Passienus Licinus | C. Julius Avitus |
| 150 | M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus | Sex. Carminius Vetus |
| Apr.? | […]mus | C. La[berius Priscus?] |
| Jul.? | M. Cassius Apollinaris | M. Petronius Mamertinus |
| Oct. | C. Curtius Justus | C. Julius Julianus[113] |
| 151 | Sex. Quintilius Condianus | Sex. Quintilius Valerius Maximus |
| Jul.? | M. Cominius Secundus | L. Attidius Cornelianus |
| 152 | M'. Acilius Glabrio Cn. Cornelius Severus | M. Valerius Homullus |
| 1 Apr. | P. Sufenas [Verus?] | L. Dasumius Tullius Tuscus |
| 1 Jul. | C. Novius Priscus | L. Julius Romulus |
| 1 Oct. | P. Cluvius Maximus Paulinus | M. Servilius Silanus |
| 153 | L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens | A. Junius Rufinus |
| 1 Apr. | [? Sex. Caecilius / C. Julius Max]imus | M. Pontius Sabinus |
| 1 Jul. | P. Septimius Aper | M. Sedatius Severianus Julius Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor |
| 1 Oct. | C. Cattius Marcellus | Q. Petiedius Gallus |
| 154 | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus | T. Sextius Lateranus |
| 1 Apr. | [Prifernius?] Paetus | M. Nonius Macrinus |
| 1 Jul. | [? M. Valerius Etrus]cus (?) | L. [Aemilius Iuncus?] |
| 1 Sep. | Ti. Claudius Julianus | Sex. Calpurnius Agricola |
| 1 Nov. | C. Julius Statius Severus | T. Junius Severus |
| 155 | C. Julius Severus | M. Junius Rufinus Sabinianus |
| Apr.? | C. Aufidius Victorinus | M. Gavius [Appalius Maximus?] |
| Nov. | Antius Pollio | Minicius Opimianus |
| Dec. | [D. Rupilius?] Severus | L. Julius T. Statilius Severus |
| 156 | M. Ceionius Silvanus | C. Serius Augurinus |
| Mar.? | A. Avillius Urinatius Quadratus | Strabo Aemilianus |
| Nov.? | Q. Canusius Praenestinus | C. Lusius Sparsus |
| 157 | M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus | M. Metilius Aquillius Regulus Nepos Volusius Torquatus Fronto |
| 1 Apr. | L. Roscius Aelianus | Cn. Papirius Aelianus |
| Jul.? | C. Julius Commodus Orfitianus | C. Caelius Secundus |
| Oct.? | Q. V[…]su[…]clus[114] | Q. […]inus |
| 158 | Sex. Sulpicius Tertullus | Q. Tineius Sacerdos Clemens |
| Jul.? | M. Servilius Fabianus Maximus | Q. Iallius Bassus |
| Sep.? | Q. Pomponius Musa | L. Cassius Juvenalis |
| 159 | Plautius Quintillus | M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus |
| 1 Apr. | M. Pisibanius Lepidus | L. Matuccius Fuscinus |
| 1 Jul. | P. Cornelius Dexter | unidentified |
| 1 Oct. | A. Curtius Crispinus | unidentified |
| 160 | Ap. Annius Atilius Bradua | T. Clodius Vibius Varus |
| 1 Mar. | A. Platorius Nepos Calpurnianus | M. Postumius Festus |
| May? | [C. Septimius? S]everus | […] Flavus |
| Jul.? | C. Prastina Pacatus | M. Censorius Paullus |
| Oct.? | Ti. Oclatius Severus | [Q.?] Ninnius Hastianus |
| suff. | [… N]ovius Sabinianus (attested 18 December) | |
| 161 | M. Aurelius Caesar III | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus II |
| suff. | M. Annius Libo (attested 8 Feb. – 26 Apr.) | Q. Camurius Numisius Junior |
| Oct.? | (?) Julius Geminus Capellianus | T. Flavius Boethus |
| 162[115] | Q. Junius Rusticus II | L. Titius Plautius Aquilinus |
| suff.[116] | Ti. Claudius Paullinus (attested 23 August) | Ti. Claudius Pompeianus |
| suff. | D. Fonteius Frontinianus L. Stertinius Rufus | ignotus |
| suff. | M. Insteius Bithynicus | ignotus |
| 163 | M. Pontius Laelianus | A. Junius Pastor L. Caesennius Sospes |
| 164 | M. Pompeius Macrinus | P. Juventius Celsus |
| suff. | Ti. Haterius Saturninus (attested 19 and 21 July) | Q. Caecilius Avitus |
| 165 | M. Gavius Orfitus | L. Arrius Pudens |
| 166 | Q. Servilius Pudens | L. Fufidius Pollio |
| suff. | M. Vibius Liberalis (attested 23 March) | P. Martius Verus |
| 167 | Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus III | M. Ummidius Quadratus |
| suff. | Q. Caecilius Dentilianus (attested 5 May) | M. Antonius Pallas |
| 168 | L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus II | L. Sergius Paullus II |
| suff. | Q. Tullius Maximus[117] | ignotus |
| 169 | Q. Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus | P. Coelius Apollinaris |
| 170 | C. Erucius Clarus | M. Gavius Cornelius Cethegus |
| suff. | T. Hoenius Severus | ignotus |
| 171 | T. Statilius Severus | L. Alfidius Herennianus |
| 172 | Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus | Sex. Quintilius Maximus |
| suff. | C. Modius Justus | ignotus |
| 173 | Cn. Claudius Severus II | Ti. Claudius Pompeianus II |
| 174 | L. Aurelius Gallus | Q. Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus |
| suff. | M. Aemilius Macer Saturninus | ignotus |
| 175 | L. Calpurnius Piso | P. Salvius Julianus |
| suff. | P. Helvius Pertinax | M. Didius Severus Julianus |
| 176 | T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio II | M. Flavius Aper II |
| 177 | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Caesar | M. Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus |
| 178 | Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus | D. Velius Rufus (Julianus?) |
| 179 | Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus II | P. Martius Verus II |
| suff.[118] | T. Flavius Claudianus (attested 21 March) | L. Aemilius Iuncus |
| suff.[119] | M'. Acilius Faustinus (attested 1 April) | L. Julius Proculianus |
| 180 | L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens II | Sex. Quintilius Condianus |
| 181[120] | Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Commodus Augustus III | L. Antistius Burrus |
| 182 | M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus | Q. Tineius Rufus |
| suff. | (?) Aurelianus (attested 15 May) | (L. Attidius?) Cornelianus |
| 183 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus IV | C. Aufidius Victorinus II |
| suff. | L. Tutilius Pontianus Gentianus (attested 8 February) | ignotus |
| suff. | M. Herennius Secundus (attested 13 and 20 May) | M. Egnatius Postumus |
| suff. | T. Pactumeius Magnus (after 20 May) | L. Septimius Flaccus |
| 184 | L. Cossonius Eggius Marullus | Cn. Papirius Aelianus |
| suff. | C. Octavius Vindex (attested 18 May) | Cassius Apronianus[121] |
| 185 | Triarius Maternus Lascivius | Ti. Claudius M. Ap. Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus |
| 186 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus V | M'. Acilius Glabrio II |
| suff. | L. Novius Rufus (attested 25 May) | L. Annius Ravus[122] |
| suff. | C. Sabucius Maior Caecilianus (attested 24 and 27 November) | Valerius Senecio |
| 187 | L. Bruttius Quintius Crispinus | L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus |
| 188 | P. Seius Fuscianus II | M. Servilius Silanus II |
| 189 | Dulius Silanus | Q. Servilius Silanus |
| suff. | Severus (attested 27 May) | Vitellius |
| 190 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VI | M. Petronius Sura Septimianus |
| suff. | L. Septimius Severus (May–?) | Apuleius Rufinus[123] |
| 191 | Popilius Pedo Apronianus | M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus |
| 192 | Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus VII | P. Helvius Pertinax II |
| 193[124] | Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco | C. Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus |
| suff. | Q. Tineius Sacerdos (March) | P. Julius Scapula Priscus |
| suff. | M. Silius Messala (May) | ignotus |
| suff. | L. Julius Messala Rutilianus (July) | C. Aemilius Severus Cantabrinus |
| suff. | L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus[125] | |
| 194 | Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus II | D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar II |
| suff. | C. Gabinius Barbarus Pompeianus | ignotus |
| 195 | P. Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus | Q. Tineius Clemens |
| 196 | C. Domitius Dexter II | L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea Priscus |
| 197 | T. Sextius Magius Lateranus | Cuspius Rufinus[126] |
| 198 | P. Martius Sergius Saturninus | L. Aurelius Gallus |
| suff. | Q. Anicius Faustus[127] | ignotus |
| 199 | P. Cornelius Anullinus II | M. Aufidius Fronto |
| 200 | Ti. Claudius Severus Proculus | C. Aufidius Victorinus |
Third century (201–300)
Fourth century (301–395)
Until the fall of the Western Empire (396–480)
In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire. The separate courts often appointed a consul each. Western consuls continued to be appointed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.
After the fall of the Western Empire (481–541)
| Year | Eastern consul | Western consul |
|---|---|---|
| 481 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Rufius Achilius Maecius Placidus |
| 482 | Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes | Severinus |
| 483 | post consulatum Trocundi | Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus |
| 484 | Flavius Theodericus | Decius Marius Venantius Basilius |
| 485 | post consulatum Theoderici | Q. Aurelius Memmius Symmachus |
| 486 | Flavius Longinus | Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius |
| 487 | post consulatum Longini | Nar. Manlius Boëthius |
| 488 | II post consulatum Longini | Claudius Julius Ecclesius Dynamius |
| Rufius Achilius Sividius | ||
| 489 | Flavius Eusebius | Petronius Probinus |
| 490 | Flavius Longinus II | Anicius Probus Faustus |
| 491 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Olybrius |
| 492 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus | Flavius Rufus (eastern) |
| 493 | Flavius Eusebius II | Caecina Decius Faustus Albinus |
| 494 | post consulatum Eusebii II | Turcius Rufius Apronianus Asterius |
| Flavius Praesidius | ||
| 495 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Viator[152] |
| 496 | Flavius Paulus | post consulatum Viatoris |
| 497 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus II | II post consulatum Viatoris |
| 498 | Johannes Scytha | Flavius Paulinus |
| 499 | Johannes qui et Gibbus | post consulatum Paulini |
| 500 | Flavius Patricius | II post consulatum Paulini |
| Flavius Hypatius | ||
| 501 | Flavius Pompeius | Flavius Avienus |
| 502 | Flavius Probus | Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus |
| 503 | Flavius Dexicrates | Flavius Volusianus |
| 504 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus |
| 505 | Flavius Sabinianus | Flavius Theodorus |
| 506 | Flavius Areobindus Dagalaifus Areobindus | Ennodius Messala |
| 507 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus III | Venantius |
| 508 | Flavius Celer | Basilius Venantius |
| 509 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Inportunus |
| 510 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius |
| 511 | Flavius Secundinus | Arcadius Placidus Magnus Felix |
| 512 | Flavius Paulus | post consulatum Felicis |
| Flavius Moschianus | ||
| 513 | Flavius Taurus Clementinus Armonius Clementinus | Flavius Probus |
| 514 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator |
| 515 | Procopius Anthemius | Flavius Florentius |
| 516 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Petrus |
| 517 | Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius | Flavius Agapitus |
| 518 | Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Moschianus Probus Magnus | post consulatum Agapiti |
| 519 | Flavius Justinus Augustus | Eutharicus Cillica |
| 520 | Flavius Vitalianus | Flavius Rusticius |
| 521 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus | Iobius Philippus Ymelcho Valerius[153] |
| 522 | Flavius Symmachus (western) | Flavius Boethius |
| 523 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Maximus |
| 524 | Flavius Justinus Augustus II | Venantius Opilio |
| 525 | Flavius Theodorus Filoxenus Sotericus Filoxenus | Flavius Probus |
| 526 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Olybrius |
| 527 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius |
| 528 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus II | post consulatum Mavortii |
| 529 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | Flavius Decius |
| 530 | Flavius Lampadius (western) | Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes |
| 531 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| 532 | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| 533 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus III | III post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis |
| 534 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus IV | Flavius Paulinus |
| 535 | Flavius Belisarius | post consulatum Paulini |
| 536 | post consulatum Belisarii | |
| 537 | II post consulatum Belisarii | |
| 538 | Flavius Marianus Michaelius Gabrielius Archangelus Ioannes[154] | sine collega |
| 539 | Flavius Strategius Apion Strategius Apion | post consulatum Ioannis |
| 540 | Flavius Mar. Petrus Theodorus Valentinus Rusticius Boraides Germanus Justinus | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| 541 | Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
Roman consuls of the East alone (541–887)
During the reign of Justinian I (527–565), the position of consul altered in two significant ways. From 535, there was no longer a Roman consul chosen in the West. In 541, the separate office of Roman consul was abolished.[155] When used thereafter, the office was with few exceptions used as part of the imperial title. The office was finally abolished as part of the Basilika reforms of Leo VI the Wise in 887.[156] The late antiquity practice of granting honorary consulships eventually evolved into the Byzantine court dignity of hypatos (the Greek translation of the Latin consul), which survived until the 12th century.[157]
- 566: Flavius Justinus Augustus[158]
- 568: Flavius Justinus Augustus II
- 579: Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus
- 583: Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus
- 603: Flavius Phocas Augustus
- 608: Heraclius & Heraclius[159]
- 611: Flavius Heraclius Augustus
- 613: Flavius Heraclius novus Constantinus Augustus
- 639: Flavius Constantinus Heraclius Augustus
- 642: Flavius Constantinus Augustus
- 656: Theodosius & Paulus[160][<span title="Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.">better source needed]
- 668: Constantinus Augustus
- 686: Justinianus Augustus[161][162]
- 699: Tiberius Augustus
- 711: Filepicus Augustus[163]
- 714: Anastasius Augustus
- 718: Leo Augustus
- 742: Constantinus Augustus
- 776: Leo Augustus
- 782: Constantinus Augustus
- 803: Nicephorus Augustus
- 814: Leo Augustus
- 821: Michael Augustus
- 830: Theophilus Augustus
- 843: Michael Augustus
- 867: Basilius Augustus
- 887: Leo Augustus
Endnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Consules", in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Consul" in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
- ↑ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii.
- ↑ "Dictator" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ↑ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii, 141, 148, 149, 163, 171.
- ↑ Livy, History of Rome, iii. 32 ff.
- ↑ "Decemviri" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Tribunus" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ↑ Livy, History of Rome, vi. 42, vii. 1.
- ↑ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. 108–114.
- ↑ Anthony Grafton and Noel Swerdlow, "Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus, and Others", Classical Quarterly, N.S. 35 (1985), p. 454-65
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tacitus, Historiae, 3.37
- ↑ Roger S. Bagnall, et alia, Consuls of the later Roman Empire, Philological Monographs #36 (Atlanta: American Philological Association, 1987), pp. 13-18
- ↑ The fasti for the Gallic consuls under Postumus are incomplete, with the names of some ordinary consuls known, but not the year they served — see Martindale et al., Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (1971), p. 1041.
- ↑ Livy (2.8.5) and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv.1.2, iv.12.3, iv.19.2) assign 5 consuls to the first year of the Republic, an amount not repeated for a single year until imperial times. Polybius (3.22.1), probably following an older and more reliable tradition, names only Brutus and Horatius. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ These consuls are omitted by Livy, perhaps due to confusion with the consuls of 506 BC. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Livy (2.15.1), against other sources, names P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola III. P. Lucretius may have been corrupted from Larcius, or perhaps inserted due to confusion with T. Lucretius, Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ The consuls of 490 and 489 BC are omitted by Livy.
- ↑ The consuls of 482 BC are omitted by Diodorus (11. 41, 48).
- ↑ The consuls probably entered office on 1 August, which was the official entry date until the Decemvirate was established in 451. From 509 to 479 BC, the date was probably 1 September. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ His name is garbled in the sources, with variations such as C. Sergius (Dionysius 9.16.1) and C. Cornelius Lentulus (Diodorus 11.52.1). Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Only known from the Fasti Capitolini. The missing name may be Opiter Verginius, which Livy (2.54.3) gives for L. Aemilius's colleague in 473 BC, or perhaps C. Sergius. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Livy (2.54.3) suggests Opiter Verginius as an alternative to Vopiscus Julius, but this may be a confusion with the year 478, when the other consul was also L. Aemilius. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ The stone inscription of the Fasti Capitolini has for this year Carve[ntanus] or Carve[tus], a rare name attested for no other consul in history. Two late Roman records have (Sempronius) Atratinus. The literary sources omit him and show his substitute, L. Minucius, holding office for the entire year. See the discussion in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Diodorus (12.3.1) inserts a new pair of consuls, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Vibulanus, between the colleges of 457 and 456.
- ↑ Only mentioned by Dionysius (10.53.3). Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Ancient sources disagree on whether Claudius and Genucius became decemvirs while consuls-elect or if they assumed the consulship and abdicated. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ The consuls probably entered office on 13 December. This was the official date until 402. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ These consuls were said to be absent from the annals, but named in the linen rolls and in a treaty with Ardea. In another tradition, they became Rome's first pair of censors the following year. Authorities have variously eliminated either the consuls or the consular tribunes, attempted to fit both into 444 BC, or assigned the colleges to consecutive years. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Diodorus (12.38.1) calls him Gaius, but Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., rejects it in favor of Lucius which is given by Livy (4.16.8). Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Another tradition omits Cornelius and has Manlius and Sulpicius holding office as consuls. On the other hand, Licinius Macer (Livy 4.23.1–3) states that the consuls of 435, Julius and Verginius, continued in office this year. Of the three possibilities, the latter is held to be the least likely. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Diodorus Siculus (12.77.1) inserts the pair L. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) and A. Sempronius (Atratinus?) between the consuls of 428 and 427 BC, perhaps misplacing them from the college of 425. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Authenticity doubted. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III (Livy 4.44.1) or T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Possibly identical with Q. Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 423. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Livy (4.52.4) has here Papirius Atratinus, following Licinius Macer who attributed this reading to the linen rolls. Other sources show it was Papirius Mugillanus. The surname Atratinus was only used by the Sempronii, and so the college of 411 may been three consular tribunes, Papirius, Sempronius and Nautius. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Livy (4.61.4) instead has Gaius Fabius Ambustus, and treats him as a different person than the tribune of 401, 395 and 390 BC. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Entered office on 1 October after the preceding college resigned. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Entered office on 1 July. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Livy (5.32.1) calls him M. Aemilius Mamercinus, indicating he is a different person than the four-time consular tribune of 389 BC forward.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Diodorus Siculus (XV.24.1) states that there were six consular tribunes this year, but Livy only lists five; Attilio Degrassi suggests either L. Cornelius or A. Manlius for the sixth member of this college; Broughton, based on the evidence of the Fasti Capitolini, suggests A. Manlius Capitolinus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 100 n. 1)
- ↑ Gaius in Livy (6.18.1), Lucius in Diodorus (15.36.1). Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ These are the nine consular tribunes the Fasti Capitolini lists for this year. Livy names only six (omitting C. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, and Ti. Papirius Crassus), and Diodorus Siculus eight (omitting L. Papirius Mugillanus). Broughton notes, "Clearly Fast. Cap. has the most seriously interpolated tradition." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 106 n. 1)
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 These two consular tribunes are only known from Diodorus Siculus (XV.51.1). Broughton suggests "Erenucius" may be a corruption of "Genucius" or "Minucius". (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 106 n. 1)
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 These two consular tribunes are only known from Livy (6.31.1)
- ↑ Modern scholarly consensus is that the fasti for the fourth century was discovered to be missing several sets of eponymous magistrates, and explained this gap by stating elections were blocked by these two tribunes. See the discussions of T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (London: Routeledge, 1995), pp. 399-402; and Forsythe, Critical History of Early Rome, pp. 368-70
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 The Fasti Capitolini states C. Licinius Calvus was consul in 364 BC and C. Lincinius Stolo in 361 BC, but Livy reverses these two.
- ↑ Livy (7.18.10) notes that in some sources M. Popillius Laenas III appears instead of Quinctius, though this is probably a confusion with the year 356 BC, when M. Fabius Ambustus was also consul. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Diodorus (16.59) reports instead this year's consuls were M. Aemilius and T. Quinctius (Poenus Capitolinus III?). Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 The "dictator years" (333, 324, 309 and 301 BC) were fabricated to lengthen the documented interval to earlier historical events, in order to account for deficiencies and gaps in Roman chronology. The dictator years did not exist in Roman history: the conventional year 334 BC was followed by the year 332, and so on. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ The sources are conflicted:
- P. (or C.) Plautius Proculus (Livy 8.22)
- C. Plautius Decianus II (Chronograph of 354)
- Plautius Venox II (Hydatius)
- A. Postumius (Diodorus 17.87)
- ↑ Livy (9.44) notes that the consuls of 307 and 306 BC were skipped in Calpurnius Piso's history.
- ↑ Entered office on 15 March. R.M. Ogilvie, A Commentary on Livy Books 1–5, p. 405.
- ↑ Entered office on 1 January. R.M. Ogilvie, A Commentary on Livy Books 1–5, p. 405.
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 99 to 1 BC are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Either Thermus's election was invalidated or he is identical to Figulus, having changed his name by adoption. E.W. Gray, "The Consular Elections held in 65 B.C.", Antichthon 13 (1979), pp. 56–65, doi:10.1017/S0066477400002665.
- ↑ Umberto Soldovieri: Un inedito cinerario plumbeo e Q. MARCIUS RUFUS, cos. suff. 36 a.C. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE), 217 (2021), S. 235f.
- ↑ Ernest Weinrib, The Spaniards in Rome (1990), pp. 180, 309–311
- ↑ Consuls from 30 to 1 BC are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Augustus was apparently intended to be the colleague of Saturninus, but never took office. Saturninus held office alone until Vespillo and Vinicius succeeded him after 1 August and by 12 October. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from AD 1 through AD 12 are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455–458
- ↑ The consuls of this year are taken from Diana Gorostidi Pi, "Sui consoli dell'anno 13 d.C.: Nuovi dati dai fasti consulares Tusculani", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 189 (2014), pg 265–275
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 14–36 are taken from Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), pp.458-460
- ↑ First proposed by Hans-Georg Pflaum, and accepted by Ladislaus Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 68); Cooley offers as a possible alternative A. Didius Gallus although she also puts him in the last nundinium of 39. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 37–40 are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 41-54 are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ M. Christol and S. Demougin, "Notes de prosopographie équestre", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 57 (1984), pp. 171-8.
- ↑ Suffect consuls for July–December Gallivan placed in 44 Camodeca moved to 47 ("Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", Publications de l'École française de Rome, 143 (1991), p. 52)
- ↑ Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 140 (2002), pp. 234–236.
- ↑ Names and dates for 55–68 taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., notes that additional pairs of suffect consuls may have held office in the last months of 60 and 61.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., places C. Licinius Mucianus and Q. Fabius Barbarus Antonius Macer in the second half of either 63 or 64.
- ↑ Names and dates for this year are taken from G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113–129
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 70–97 are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., dated this pair to 71 or 72, but the available slot for 71 in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., is filled, so they are placed here. Eck has the year 72 but with a question mark.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., restores this as [Fr]on[tino] or [Veient]on[e].
- ↑ See Syme, "P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192
- ↑ Also referred to as T. Vinicius Julianus. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., suggests instead C. Arinius Modestus.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., has in this spot M. Annius Messalla and C. Fisius Sabinus, but Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., places them in 84. Clemens and Honoratus are dated to 85 in Cooley, but Eck moved to that position L. Aelius Oculatus and Q. Gavius Atticus, whom Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., had originally assigned to 73.
- ↑ Syme first proposed the identification of this consul with M. Raecius Gallus ("Pliny the Procurator", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 73 (1969), pp. 201–236 [p. 229]). However, he later concluded that Publius Glitius Gallus "is on every count a better candidate" than Raecius ("P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 [p. 175]).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ So Zevi, "I consoli del 97 d. Cr. in due framenti gia' editi dei Fasti Ostienses", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 96 (1973), pp. 125–137; Cooley offers no colleague for Tacitus. Peter Weiss has argued, based on more recently recovered evidence, that Scapula could have been suffect consul in September–October 99, or even later. (Weiss, "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 124 (1999), pp. 287-289
- ↑ There may have been a pair of unattested consuls in April. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ Placed in this year by Mommsen.
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 101 through 115 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 467f
- ↑ Added from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfastern der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), p. 327 n.181
- ↑ Added from AE 2013, 650
- ↑ As proposed by Syme, "People in Pliny", Journal of Roman Studies, 58 (1968), pp. 139f
- ↑ Werner Eck and Ittai Gradel, "Eine Konstitution für das Heer von Mauretania Tingitana vom 20. September 104 n.Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 219 (2021), pp. 248–255.
- ↑ It is uncertain which ordinary consul Acilius Rufus replaced.
- ↑ Fasti ostiensis reads ...] Rufu[s]; Attilo Degrassi and Vidman restore this name as "L. Acilius Rufus", while Ronald Syme restores it as "M. Acilius Rufus" (Syme, "Superior Suffect Consuls", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 58 (1985), pp. 239-242)
- ↑ This pair of consuls added from AE 2004, 1898
- ↑ Added from Evgeni I. Paunov and Margaret M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, AD 114 (=RMD I 14)"[permanent dead link], Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 119 (1997), pp. 269–279.
- ↑ The praenomen Marcus is attested by an inscription dated 1 September. (AE 1998, 1727)
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 116 and 117 are taken from Werner Eck, "Konsuln des Jahres 117 in Militärdiplomen Traians mit Tribunicia Potestas XX", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 235–238
- ↑ All that survives of the name on the Fasti ostienses. Suggested restorations include Q. Cornelius Senecio Annainus (favored by Cooley) and Q. Coelius Honoratus. (Vidman Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 114)
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 The names and dates for this year are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 469
- ↑ The names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), p. 282
- ↑ The names and dates for 120 and 121 are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Ein Consul Suffectus Q. Aburnius in drei fragmentarischen Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 239–247
- ↑ W. Eck, A. Pangerl,"Neue Diplome aus der Zeit Hadrians für die beiden mösischen Provinzen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 207 (2018), pp. 219-224
- ↑ The names and dates for this year are taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome," pp. 287f
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 124 through 130 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 469f
- ↑ Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl had previously reconstructed the gentilicium of this otherwise unknown person as "Accena", but a more recently discovered military diploma proved this is his correct name. Eck and Pangerl, "Eine Konstitution für das Herr von Moesia Inferior vom 1. Juni 125 in fünf Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 188 (2014), pp. 245–249
- ↑ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Vidman suggests this restoration (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, p. 118)
- ↑ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Cooley suggests this restoration.
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the names and dates for the consuls from 131 to 135 are taken from Werner Eck, Paul Holder and Andreas Pangerl, "A Diploma for the Army of Britain in 132 and Hadrian's Return to Rome from the East", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 174 (2010), p. 194. The structure of the nundinia presented for those years is also used here.
- ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 136 and 137 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 471
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 138 to 161 are taken from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
- ↑ So Eck ("Die Fasti consulares", p.75) and James H. Oliver ("The Solonian Constitution and a Consul of A.D. 149", Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 13 (1972), pp. 103-107) separately. Alföldy identifies this consul with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, proconsul of Africa 163/164 (Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 153)
- ↑ Attested in a military diploma dated 19 November 150. Another source, dated 2 October, appears to indicate P. Julius Nauto instead, but Tomlin and Pearce note that his name is poorly inscribed and argue it was probably an incorrect transcription of Julianus's name. If Nauto and Julianus are different individuals, the former will have died by 19 November. Roger S. O. Tomlin, John Pearce, "A Roman Military Diploma for the German Fleet (19 November 150) Found in Northern Britain", ZPE 206 (2018), pp. 207–216.
- ↑ Possibly Q. Vilius Proculus or Q. Virius Larcius Sulpicius.
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 162 to 180 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 176-191
- ↑ W. Eck, A. Pangerl, "Eine neue Bürgerrechtskonstitution für die Truppen von Pannonia inferior aus dem Jahr 162 mit einem neuen Konsulnpaar", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 173 (2010), pp. 223-236
- ↑ P. A. Holder, Roman Military Diplomas V, (2006), p. 861
- ↑ C. Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), pp. 137–153
- ↑ Ioan Piso and Doina Benea, "Das Militärdiplom von Drobeta", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 263ff
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 181 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander, (Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben, 1989), pp. 129-137
- ↑ David Stone Potter, The Roman Empire at bay, AD 180–395 (2006), pg. 72
- ↑ CIL VI, 2100 reads ..]vo or (nominative) ...]vus for Rufus' colleague. This is the most frequent restoration.
- ↑ Leunissen disagrees with Dessau, Groag, and Barbieri that the gentilicium of this suffect consul could be Atulenus. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 132 n. 20)
- ↑ The suffects for this year are taken from Peter Weiß, "Konstitutionen eines toten Kaisers: Militärdiplome von Commodus aus dem Jahr 193 n. Chr.", PHAROS Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015, pp. 273–280.
- ↑ Fabius Cilo was possibly a colleague of Silius Messalla. Peter Weiß, p. 277.
- ↑ The sources disagree on his praenomen: CIL XIII, 1754 attests "L.", while CIL VIII, 8937 attests "C."
- ↑ Suffectus in absentia. It is uncertain which consul he replaced. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 134 and note)
- ↑ This pair of suffect consuls taken from Werner Eck, "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12.202 n. Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 139 (2002), pp. 208–210.
- ↑ Added from Leunissen, p. 238
- ↑ This pair is attested in M. M. Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas, 3: 1985–93 (1994), no. 188
- ↑ His praenomen was confirmed by Askold Ivantchik, Oleg Pogorelets and Rostislav Savvov, "A New Roman Military Diploma from the Territory of the Ukraine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 255-262
- ↑ Andreas Krieckhaus, "Vater und Sohn. Bemerkungen zu den severischen consules ordinarii M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis und M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 153 (2005), pp. 283-284
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 236 to 285 are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (München: Beck'sch, 1972), pp. 272f
- ↑ Cognomen restored from RMD-03, 199
- ↑ Olivier Hekster, Nicholas Zair, Rome and Its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008), pg. 117
- ↑ Caillan Davenport, "M. Claudius Tacitus: Senator or Soldier?", Latomus, vol. 73, no. 1 (2014), pp. 174–187
- ↑ Benet Salway, "Redefining the Roman imperial élite in the fourth century AD", in D. Okoń (ed.), Elites in the Ancient World (Szczecińskie Studia nad Starożytnością, vol. II, Szczecin: Minerwa, 2015), pp. 189–220
- ↑ Bowman, Alan K. The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, AD. 193–337, pg. 120
- ↑ Jones & Martindale& Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire volume I, pp. 676, 681
- ↑ Diocletian assumed the ordinary consulship in the east in opposition to Carinus in Rome – see Bagnall, Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pg. 105
- ↑ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 110
- ↑ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pp. 112–113
- ↑ Waldron 2020, "Decies et Maximiano VII: A Proposed Revision to Consular Dating during the Rise of Constantine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 214, pp. 320–325
- ↑ Constantine did not recognize his own appointment as consul by Galerius, which is reflected in his later iteration numbers. Bagnall et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire, p. 152
- ↑ Probably Aradius Rufinus, whom Maxentius appointed praefectus urbi in 312, but perhaps Statius Rufinus, praefectus urbi 308–309. Barnes, New Empire, p. 100.
- ↑ Potentially related to Vettius Rufinus, consul of 316 AD, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 180
- ↑ Proculus seems to have fallen into disgrace and Iulianus appointed for him, see T. D. Barnes, in ZPE 21 (1976), p. 280 and T. D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, p. 102. Proculus could be identical with the proc. Africae in 319/320 AD, see Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 184.
- ↑ Following p.Stras 137.20 and p.Stras 138.17 the first name could be Ionius instead of Iulius, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 629f.
- ↑ From the fourth century onwards, emperors and other high-profile men bore the name "Flavius". By this time it had became more a status marker than a personal name. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Probably not the consul of 469. Bagnall et al. p. 479.
- ↑ "the first consul designated by a barbarian king" according to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ '[P]resumably a westerner' – Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Patrizia Sabbatini Tumolesi, Silvia Orlandi, Marco Buonocore & Maurizio Fora, Epigrafia anfiteatrale dell'Occidente Romano, volume 6 (Quasar, 1988), pp. 292, 397
- ↑ Latin-Greek inscription (AE 2004, 01410)
- ↑ Vasiliev (1952), p. I 192.
- ↑ Timothy Gregory, A History of Byzantium, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 227
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. pp. 963–964.
- ↑ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from until 613 are taken from Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), pp. 99-106
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Heraclius and his father were proclaimed consuls during their revolt against Phocas, who was still technically the "official" consul. They used consular titles in their coinage until the end of the revolt.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Justinian II adopted the title of consul for all the Julian years of his reign, consecutively numbered.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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