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Difference between revisions of "Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar"
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Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar (edit)
Revision as of 22:01, 15 December 2023
, 22:01, 15 December 2023→Julius Caesar's constitutional framework {{bc-c|6th}} century ({{bc-y|600}}-{{bc-y|501}})
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List example: 45, 35, 28 BC. | List example: 45, 35, 28 BC. | ||
[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. 31–20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]] | [[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. 31–20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]] | ||
Testing AD patterns: | |||
yearRangeWithLeadingADPattern AD 120 - c. 300 | |||
yearRangeWithTrailingADPattern 121 - c. 301 AD | |||
yearRangeWithSlashAndTrailingADPattern | |||
yearRangeWithSlashAndTrailingCEPattern | |||
yearRangeWithLeadingCEPattern. CE 120 - c. 300 | |||
yearRangeWithTrailingCEPattern 122 - c. 302 CE | |||
Testing BCD template: | Testing BCD template: | ||
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{{bcd|dp|100}} {{bcd|dp|100|t}} {{bcd|dp|100|t|101}} {{bcd|dp|100||101}} | {{bcd|dp|100}} {{bcd|dp|100|t}} {{bcd|dp|100|t|101}} {{bcd|dp|100||101}} | ||
{{bcd|c|100}} {{bcd|c|100 | {{bcd|c|100}} {{bcd|c|100}} {{bcd|c|100|101}} {{bcd|c|100|101}} | ||
{{bcd|m|100}} {{bcd|m|100 | {{bcd|m|100}} {{bcd|m|100}} {{bcd|m|100|101}} {{bcd|m|100|101}} | ||
{{bcd|00s|100}} {{bcd|00s|100|t}} {{bcd|00s|100|t|101}} {{bcd|00s|100||101}} | {{bcd|00s|100}} {{bcd|00s|100|t}} {{bcd|00s|100|t|101}} {{bcd|00s|100||101}} | ||
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14th century <small>BC</small> | 14th century <small>BC</small> | ||
{{bc-c|14th | {{bc-c|14th}} century <small>BC</small> | ||
Testing markup {{bc-c|14th}} century | |||
2nd millennium BC | 2nd millennium BC | ||
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* [[Eratosthenes]] ({{circa|276|194/195 BC|lk=on}}), a Greek mathematician who [[On the measure of the Earth|calculated]] the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun. | * [[Eratosthenes]] ({{circa|276|194/195 BC|lk=on}}), a Greek mathematician who [[On the measure of the Earth|calculated]] the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun. | ||
Year to decade pattern: | |||
Something happened from 339{{r|MvsG2}}/338{{r|MvsG3}} to c. 220s{{nbsp}}BC, or not. | |||
Something happened from 3200{{r|MvsG2}}/3100{{r|MvsG3}} to c. 220s{{nbsp}}BC, or not. | |||
Decade to year pattern: | |||
Something else happened in 430s or c. 437{{r|MvsG4}}/36{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC. | |||
Something else happened in 430s or c. 6220{{r|MvsG4}}/10{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC. | |||
6550/40 - 5430/20 BC | |||
6450/30 BC | |||
Decade ranges. | Decade ranges. | ||
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{{bc-y|1,234 BC|t|1234}} | {{bc-y|1,234 BC|t|1234}} | ||
something happened in {{ad-at|CE}} era | |||
Between his crossing of the [[Rubicon|Rubicon River]] in {{bc-y|49 BC}}, and his [[Ides of March|assassination]] in {{bc-y|44 BC}}, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. And finally, he wanted to knit together the entire Republic into a single cohesive unit.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. To increase his own powers, he assumed the important magistrates,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and to weaken Rome's other political institutions, he instituted several additional reforms. He controlled the process by which candidates were nominated for magisterial elections, he appointed his own supporters to the senate, and he prevented hostile measures from being adopted by the assemblies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> | Between his crossing of the [[Rubicon|Rubicon River]] in {{bc-y|49 BC}}, and his [[Ides of March|assassination]] in {{bc-y|44 BC}}, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. And finally, he wanted to knit together the entire Republic into a single cohesive unit.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. To increase his own powers, he assumed the important magistrates,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and to weaken Rome's other political institutions, he instituted several additional reforms. He controlled the process by which candidates were nominated for magisterial elections, he appointed his own supporters to the senate, and he prevented hostile measures from being adopted by the assemblies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> | ||