http://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Karen&feedformat=atomTimeline of History - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T08:31:54ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.37.1http://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon&diff=5732Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip II of Macedon2024-03-27T22:43:15Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
ip in the late 350s\nIn 357 BC, Phi;350s;bc-d;;;;<br />
are italicized.All dates are BC@.\n\nSirrasArr;All dates are ;bc-r;;;;<br />
.All dates are BC@.\n\nSirrasArrhi;BC;bc-r;;;;<br />
l dates are BC@.\n\nSirrasArrhida;.;bc-r;;;;<br />
myntas III (r. 393–369)Gygaea[b];393;bc-y;;;;<br />
as III (r. 393–369)Gygaea[b]\n\nPto;369;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Aloros (r. 368–365)EurynoeAle;368;bc-y;;;;<br />
Aloros (r. 368–365)EurynoeAlexand;365;bc-y;;;;<br />
exander II (r. 369–368)Perdiccas;369;bc-y;;;;<br />
der II (r. 369–368)Perdiccas III;368;bc-y;;;;<br />
diccas III (r. 365–360/59)Archela;365;bc-y;;;;<br />
as III (r. 365–360/59)ArchelausAr;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
II (r. 365–360/59)ArchelausArrhi;59;bc-y1;;;359;<br />
Amyntas IV (r. 360/59)\nAmyntas[00;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
tas IV (r. 360/59)\nAmyntas[00]At;59;bc-y1;;;359;<br />
sPhilip II (r. 360/59–336)Philinn;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
lip II (r. 360/59–336)PhilinnaOl;59;bc-y1;;;359;<br />
II (r. 360/59–336)PhilinnaOlympi;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
eCassander (r. 305–297)Thessaloni;305;bc-y;;;;<br />
sander (r. 305–297)ThessalonicePh;297;bc-y;;;;<br />
Arrhidaeus (r. 323–317)CleopatraA;323;bc-y;;;;<br />
idaeus (r. 323–317)CleopatraAlexa;317;bc-y;;;;<br />
der III[d] (r. 336–323)Barsine\nPh;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
III[d] (r. 336–323)Barsine\nPhilip;323;bc-y;;;;<br />
Philip IV (r. 297)Antipater I (r;297;bc-y;;;;<br />
ntipater I (r. 297–294)Alexander;297;bc-y;;;;<br />
ater I (r. 297–294)Alexander V (r;294;bc-y;;;;<br />
lexander V (r. 297–294)Neoptolemu;297;bc-y;;;;<br />
nder V (r. 297–294)Neoptolemus II;294;bc-y;;;;<br />
exander IV (r. 323–310)Heracles[e;323;bc-y;;;;<br />
der IV (r. 323–310)Heracles[e];310;bc-y;;;;<br />
ional history, 1300–362 B.C. (2nd;1300;bc-i;;;;<br />
ry of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leid;650 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Template:Ancient Greece topics<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Clodius_Pulcher&diff=5731Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius Clodius Pulcher2024-03-18T22:07:05Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
came consul in 79. His mother's;79;bc-y;;;;<br />
her, consul in 54, and Gaius Cla;54;bc-y;;;;<br />
er, praetor in 56, and subsequen;56;bc-y;;;;<br />
was consul in 60, and the latte;60;bc-y;;;;<br />
llus Nepos, in 57. Mucia Tertia;57;bc-y;;;;<br />
us, praetor in 56\; a half-brothe;56;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the plebs in 54.\n\nEarly career;54;bc-y;;;;<br />
th Lucullus in 68, at which time;68;bc-y;;;;<br />
ned to Rome in 63, in time for M;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
the consuls of 63, and probably;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
r years old in 59, and had proba;59;bc-y;;;;<br />
s tribunate in 63.[00] Clodius;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
o as consul in 63 had suppressed;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
r. In January 57, one of the ne;57;bc-y;;;;<br />
BC.[00] About 43 or 42, while s;43;bc-y;;;;<br />
0] About 43 or 42, while still q;42;bc-y;;;;<br />
0] However, in 41, Claudia's mot;41;bc-y;;;;<br />
rce Claudia in 40.[00] She was s;40;bc-y;;;;<br />
ia?)married c. 138Ap. Claudius Pu;138;bc-y;;;;<br />
us Pulchercos. 143, c@ens. 136(c.;143;bc-y;;;;<br />
s. 143, c@ens. 136(c. 186–130)(1);136;bc-y;;;;<br />
c@ens. 136(c. 186–130)(1) Antist;186;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns. 136(c. 186–130)(1) Antistia(V;130;bc-y;;;;<br />
rum)married c. 164\n\nClaudiaVestal;164;bc-y;;;;<br />
Vestalborn c. 163ClaudiaminorGra;163;bc-y;;;;<br />
racchiborn c. 161Ap. Pulcher(c.;161;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ap. Pulcher(c. 159–135/1)ClaudiaT;159;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pulcher(c. 159–135/1)ClaudiaTerti;135;bc-y;;;;<br />
her(c. 159–135/1)ClaudiaTertiab;1;bc-y2;;1.1.3.3;131;<br />
Tertiaborn c. 157Q. Philippusmin;157;bc-y;;;;<br />
mint IIIvir c. 129born 160s, marr;129;bc-y;;;;<br />
vir c. 129born 160s, married c. 14;160s;bc-d;;;;<br />
0s, married c. 143\n\nC. Pulcher(c.;143;bc-y;;;;<br />
C. Pulcher(c. 136–92)cos. 92Ap.;136;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pulcher(c. 136–92)cos. 92Ap. Pul;92;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
c. 136–92)cos. 92Ap. Pulcher(c.;92;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
Ap. Pulcher(c. 130–76)cos. 79Igno;130;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pulcher(c. 130–76)cos. 79Ignotax;76;bc-y;;;;<br />
c. 130–76)cos. 79IgnotaxL. Phili;79;bc-y;;;;<br />
. Philippus(c. 141–c. 74)cos. 91Q;141;bc-y;;;;<br />
ppus(c. 141–c. 74)cos. 91Q. Phil;74;bc-y;;;;<br />
141–c. 74)cos. 91Q. Philippus(c.;91;bc-y;;;;<br />
. Philippus(c. 143–c. 105)\n\nClaud;143;bc-y;;;;<br />
ppus(c. 143–c. 105)\n\nClaudiaemaio;105;bc-y;;;;<br />
r etminor(born 100–99)Claudia Ter;100;bc-y;;;;<br />
minor(born 100–99)Claudia Tertia;99;bc-y;;;;<br />
Regis(born c. 98)Ap. Pulcher(97;98;bc-y;;;;<br />
98)Ap. Pulcher(97–49)cos. 54, au;97;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ap. Pulcher(97–49)cos. 54, augur;49;bc-y;;;;<br />
her(97–49)cos. 54, augur,c@ens.;54;bc-y;;;;<br />
, augur,c@ens. 50C. Pulcher(96–c;50;bc-y;;;;<br />
. 50C. Pulcher(96–c. 30s)pr. 56C;96;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pulcher(96–c. 30s)pr. 56Claudia;30s;bc-d;;;;<br />
(96–c. 30s)pr. 56Claudia QuartaQ;56;bc-y;;;;<br />
leris(born c. 94)P. Clodius Pul;94;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pulchertr. pl. 58(93–53)Claudia;58;bc-y;;;;<br />
chertr. pl. 58(93–53)Claudia Qui;93;bc-y;;;;<br />
rtr. pl. 58(93–53)Claudia Quinta;53;bc-y;;;;<br />
. Luculli(born 92/90)\n\nClaudia m;92;bc-y;;;;<br />
uculli(born 92/90)\n\nClaudia maio;90;bc-y;;;;<br />
saris(born c. 56)\n\n\n\nIn fiction;56;bc-y;;;;<br />
Fulvia between 62 and 59, probab;62;bc-y;;;;<br />
between 62 and 59, probably duri;59;bc-y;;;;<br />
consulship in 62.\n\n^ In a passa;62;bc-y;;;;<br />
t in the early 50s was attributed;50s;bc-d;;;;<br />
s politique en 61 av. J.-C., Les Belles Le;61 av. J.-C.;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Antony&diff=5730Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark Antony2024-03-12T08:10:22Z<p>Karen: </p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
Antyllus (born 47) and Iullus An;47;bc-y;;;;<br />
Antonius (born 45).\n\nAssassinati;45;bc-y;;;;<br />
tra VII, dated 40–30 BC, Vatican;40;bc-i;;;;<br />
VII, dated 40–30 BC, Vatican Museu;30 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
00]\nIn October 41, Antony reques;41;bc-y;;;;<br />
Antioch during 37, Antony's comb;37;bc-y;;;;<br />
uperatio entre 44 et 30 a. C. n.;44;bc-y;;;;<br />
io entre 44 et 30 a. C. n. Brussels: L;30 a. C.;bc-y;;;;<br />
n de l'Empire, 44 avant J.C. – 260 après J.;44 avant J.C.;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Saka_kurgans&diff=5729Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Saka kurgans2024-03-07T15:25:47Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
pe\n Arzhan-1c. 800 BCE Shiliktyc. 700;800 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
BCE Shiliktyc. 700 BCE Arzhan-2c. 650;700 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
BCE Arzhan-2c. 650 BCE Bes Shatyrc. 5;650 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
E Bes Shatyrc. 550 BCE Taksaic. 500 B;550 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
0 BCE Taksaic. 500 BCE Ingalac. 500 B;500 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
0 BCE Ingalac. 500 BCE Tasmola7th-5th;500 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
BCE Boraldayc. 600-400 BCE Salbyk;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
Boraldayc. 600-400 BCE Salbykc. 600-4;400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
0 BCE Salbykc. 600-400 BCE Eleke;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
E Salbykc. 600-400 BCE Eleke Sazyc. 6;400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
E Eleke Sazyc. 600-400 BCE Berel-;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
eke Sazyc. 600-400 BCE Berel-1c. 350;400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
BCE Berel-1c. 350 BCE Pazyryk-1,2c.;350 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
Pazyryk-1,2c. 300 BCE Berel-11c. 300;300 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
BCE Berel-11c. 300 BCE Issykc. 400-20;300 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
00 BCE Issykc. 400-200 BCE Tillya;400;bc-i;;;;<br />
CE Issykc. 400-200 BCE Tillya Tepe1st;200 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]<br />
[[Category:Wikipedia templates]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka&diff=5728Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka2024-03-07T15:24:50Z<p>Karen: </p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
akhstan. Circa 400–200 BC.[0][0];400;bc-i;;;;<br />
tan. Circa 400–200 BC.[0][0]\nThe Sak;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
arius I, circa 500 BC.\nAccording to;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ted to between 550 and 250 BC.[00;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 550 and 250 BC.[00]\nDarius I;250 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
s resettled c. 100 BC\nRené Grousset;100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
sia from circa 100 BC\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tT;100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ed between ca. 900 BC to AD 1, compr;900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
rial costumes (650-600 BC).[000];650;bc-i;;;;<br />
costumes (650-600 BC).[000]\nThe 201;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
s of Srubnaya (1900 BC–1200 BCE) and;1900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
bnaya (1900 BC–1200 BCE) and Andronovo;1200 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
Andronovo (c. 2000–1150 BCE) ance;2000;bc-i;;;;<br />
onovo (c. 2000–1150 BCE) ancestry ance;1150 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
he Iron Age (c.1000 BCE) became a regi;1000 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
es.[000] Circa 600 BCE, groups from t;600 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ls.[000] Circa 500 BCE, other groups;500 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ai kurgans, c. 500 BCE.[000][000];500 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
Template:Saka kurgans<br />
BCE Boraldayc. 600-400 BCE Salbyk;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
Boraldayc. 600-400 BCE Salbykc. 600-4;400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
00 BCE Issykc. 400-200 BCE Tillya;400;bc-i;;;;<br />
CE Issykc. 400-200 BCE Tillya Tepe1st;200 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ted from about 800 BC onward, and th;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
zakhstan circa 700 BC, and are assoc;700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n 1 kurgan (c. 800 BC)\nMain article:;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
dated to circa 800 BC.[000] Many of;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
dated to circa 800 BC, partly looted;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
rzhan-1, circa 800 BC.[000]\n\t\t\n\nShil;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
obe kurgan (c. 700 BC)\nMain article:;700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Arzhan 2 (c. 650 BC)\nSee also: Ald;650 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
al Complex (c. 800-400 BC)\nRecumb;800;bc-i;;;;<br />
omplex (c. 800-400 BC)\nRecumbent sta;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
rial mound (c. 350-300 BC)\nNear t;350;bc-i;;;;<br />
mound (c. 350-300 BC)\nNear the selo;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
yk culture (c. 300 BC)\nMain article:;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
burial around 300 BC. The Pazyryks;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
hunting, circa 500 BC, Gansu Museum.;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
from about the eight c@entury B.C.";eight;bc-c;;;8;<br />
eight c@entury B.C."\nRice, Tamara; B.C.;bc-r;;;;<br />
ppe peoples to 100 bc". Encyclopædia;100 bc;bc-i;;;;<br />
civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. P;700 B.C.;bc-i;;2.1.1.1;;<br />
assical world, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650. Haw;600 B.C;bc-i;;;;<br />
"Scythians, c. 700 BCE—600 CE: Punchi;700 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. P;700 B.C.;bc-i;;2.2.1.1;;<br />
The Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloom;700;bc-i;;;;<br />
Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloomsbury P;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250.;700 B. C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. H;700 B.C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic&diff=5727Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman Republic2024-03-02T22:49:09Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
obility\nIn the 4th c@entury, pleb;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
ere elected in 400. The reason be;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
e new limit of 300, including des;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
e plebs around 287. The dictator;287;bc-y;;;;<br />
ngdoms.[00] In 282, several Roman;282;bc-y;;;;<br />
red Corsica in 259\; BC his succes;259;bc-y;;;;<br />
es of Sulci in 258, Tyndaris in 2;258;bc-y;;;;<br />
ape Ecnomus in 256.[00]\n\nTemple o;256;bc-y;;;;<br />
troops.[00] In 255, the Spartan g;255;bc-y;;;;<br />
he consuls for 255 nonetheless wo;255;bc-y;;;;<br />
the consul of 249, recklessly tr;249;bc-y;;;;<br />
h Hasdrubal in 226, stating that;226;bc-y;;;;<br />
led to Rome in 220 to act as arbi;220;bc-y;;;;<br />
ok the city in 219,[00] triggerin;219;bc-y;;;;<br />
Italy. In May 218, he crossed th;218;bc-y;;;;<br />
ia in December 218, where he defe;218;bc-y;;;;<br />
30,000 men. In 216, the new consu;216;bc-y;;;;<br />
nsul-elect for 215, L. Postumius;215;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War. In 215, Hiero II of S;215;bc-y;;;;<br />
ng Syracuse in 212 after a long s;212;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Tarentum in 211 and 209.\nIn Hi;211;bc-y;;;;<br />
tum in 211 and 209.\nIn Hispania,;209;bc-y;;;;<br />
es of Cissa in 218, soon after Ha;218;bc-y;;;;<br />
r Hasdrubal in 215, which enabled;215;bc-y;;;;<br />
spania. But in 211, Hasdrubal and;211;bc-y;;;;<br />
us tactics. In 209, he took Carth;209;bc-y;;;;<br />
nice signed in 205.\n\nshowvteMaced;205;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Carmona in 207, and Ilipa (no;207;bc-y;;;;<br />
ow Seville) in 206, which ended t;206;bc-y;;;;<br />
cted consul in 205, he convinced;205;bc-y;;;;<br />
d in Africa in 204. He took Utica;204;bc-y;;;;<br />
r than that of 241: 10,000 talent;241;bc-y;;;;<br />
id Empire@. In 202, internal prob;202;bc-y;;;;<br />
an War.[00] In 197, the Romans de;197;bc-y;;;;<br />
ean War[00]\nIn 179, Philip died.[;179;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Pydna in 168.[00] The Maced;168;bc-y;;;;<br />
y defeated: in 146, the same year;146;bc-y;;;;<br />
years later in 123 and reelected;123;bc-y;;;;<br />
reelected for 122. He induced th;122;bc-y;;;;<br />
third term in 121 but was defeat;121;bc-y;;;;<br />
icies.[000]\nIn 121, the province;121;bc-y;;;;<br />
uthern Gaul in 123. Lucius Licini;123;bc-y;;;;<br />
Narbo there in 118.[000]\n\nRise of;118;bc-y;;;;<br />
d Tunisia). In 118, its king, Mic;118;bc-y;;;;<br />
Cimbrian War (113–101) was a far;113;bc-y;;;;<br />
brian War (113–101) was a far mor;101;bc-y;;;;<br />
lic clashes in 121. The Germanic;121;bc-y;;;;<br />
in Sicily from 104 to 101\;[000] a;104;bc-y;;;;<br />
ly from 104 to 101\;[000] a campai;101;bc-y;;;;<br />
Volterras\n\nIn 91, the Social Wa;91;bc-y;;;;<br />
d, starting in 88. One of the co;88;bc-y;;;;<br />
asion.[000]\nIn 83, he returned f;83;bc-y;;;;<br />
ictatorship in 81 after election;81;bc-y;;;;<br />
as consul for 80. He then retir;80;bc-y;;;;<br />
hynia.[000]\nIn 73, a slave upris;73;bc-y;;;;<br />
the consuls of 72.[000] At the h;72;bc-y;;;;<br />
consulship in 70. During their;70;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Bithynia in 73, Lucullus was;73;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Pontus in 67, Lucullus was;67;bc-y;;;;<br />
Mithridates in 66.[000] Defeatin;66;bc-y;;;;<br />
n Pharnaces in 63.[000] Pompey r;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
tribunate for 58. Clodius set a;58;bc-y;;;;<br />
m as consul in 59, he was appoin;59;bc-y;;;;<br />
fought between 58 and 49.\nCaesar;58;bc-y;;;;<br />
between 58 and 49.\nCaesar defeat;49;bc-y;;;;<br />
major battles 58 and 57. In 55;58;bc-y;;;;<br />
battles 58 and 57. In 55 and 54;57;bc-y;;;;<br />
58 and 57. In 55 and 54 he made;55;bc-y;;;;<br />
57. In 55 and 54 he made two ex;54;bc-y;;;;<br />
lpine Gaul. By 50, all of Gaul l;50;bc-y;;;;<br />
consulship in 55, promising to;55;bc-y;;;;<br />
consulship in 55, and Caesar's;55;bc-y;;;;<br />
the summer of 54, a wave of pol;54;bc-y;;;;<br />
in January of 52, when Milo mur;52;bc-y;;;;<br />
a gang war.\nIn 53, Crassus launc;53;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Caesar. In 51, some Roman se;51;bc-y;;;;<br />
r\nOn 1 January 49, an agent of C;49;bc-y;;;;<br />
the spring of 49 swept down the;49;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Pharsalus in 48.[000][000] Pom;48;bc-y;;;;<br />
civil war. In 46 Caesar lost pe;46;bc-y;;;;<br />
lship.[000] In 48, he was given;48;bc-y;;;;<br />
an Council. In 46, Caesar was gi;46;bc-y;;;;<br />
te on 15 March 44. Virtually all;44;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Philippi in 42.\n\nshowvteFinal;42;bc-y;;;;<br />
ry victory. In 27, he was grante;27;bc-y;;;;<br />
llenged in the 2nd c@entury, the;2nd;bc-c;;;;<br />
Tullius (ruled 578–534).[000] The;578;bc-y;;;;<br />
ius (ruled 578–534).[000] The pha;534;bc-y;;;;<br />
insula. In the 4th c@entury, the;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
ic invasion of 390\; more likely,;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
el after about 300, but it was ma;300;bc-i;;;;<br />
size.[000]\nIn 217, near the begi;217;bc-y;;;;<br />
can period. In 107, all citizens,;107;bc-y;;;;<br />
plebiscite of 218 forbade senato;218;bc-y;;;;<br />
t rescinded in 445, sought to pre;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
queducts (from 312), suburban mar;312;bc-y;;;;<br />
built between 120 and 80 BC\nThe;120;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 120 and 80 BC\nThe tomb of th;80 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
y, constructed 50–30 BC\nRepublic;50;bc-i;;;;<br />
constructed 50–30 BC\nRepublican Rom;30 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
e Lex Ogulnia (300) gave patricia;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
ities.[000] In 392, Camillus esta;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
e Summanus, c. 278, Vortumnus c.;278;bc-y;;;;<br />
, Vortumnus c. 264, and at some t;264;bc-y;;;;<br />
the end of the 3rd c@entury, Mine;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
irst aqueduct (312), built during;312;bc-y;;;;<br />
The Orator, c. 100 BC, an Etrusco-Ro;100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
s early as the 7th c@entury.[000];7th;bc-c;;;;<br />
y.[000] By the 3rd c@entury, sign;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
eum, Italy, c. 50 BC\nModern study o;50 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
atin, from the 1st c@entury. Most;1st;bc-c;;;;<br />
t began around 200. Education beg;200;bc-i;;;;<br />
nt Rome\nIn the 3rd c@entury, Gree;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
, built around 70 BC and buried by;70 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ven by Livy as 494\; many other da;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
lius Luscus in 444, and Quintus A;444;bc-y;;;;<br />
ius Meranda in 422 were also pleb;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
Established in 196 to take over t;196;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts is dated to 175.\n\n^ Cornell 19;175;bc-y;;;;<br />
eus, consul in 196..\n\n^ Nicolet 1;196;bc-y;;;;<br />
ica and Spain, 241–218". In Hoyos;241;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Spain, 241–218". In Hoyos (20;218;bc-y;;;;<br />
ecline curves, 600 BC to 600 AD". So;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
. "Rome in the fifth c@entury I: th;fifth;bc-c;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece&diff=5726Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline of ancient Greece2024-02-02T22:13:57Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
Template:History of Greece<br />
ergence around 800 BC to its subject;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
d (785–481 BC)\n785 Pithecusae (Is;785;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ia and Chalcis\n777 Cumae is found;777;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Chalcis\n776 Traditional da;776;bc-y;;;;<br />
Olympic games.\n757 The First Mess;757;bc-y;;;;<br />
n of the war).\n756 Kyzikus is set;756;bc-y;;;;<br />
led by Ionians\n754 Polydorus beco;754;bc-y;;;;<br />
ing of Sparta.\n753 Athens: Office;753;bc-y;;;;<br />
on Pausanias).\n743 Rhegion is fou;743;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n740 Zancle is foun;740;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n738 Alternative da;738;bc-y;;;;<br />
Messenian War.\n737 Rhegion and Za;737;bc-y;;;;<br />
n under Zancle\n735 Perdiccas I of;735;bc-y;;;;<br />
uers the land.\n734 Polydorus send;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
ists to Italy.\n734 Syracuse is fo;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns and Teneans\n734 Kerkyra is fou;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Korinthians\n733 Naxos (Sicily);733;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n733 Troliton is fo;733;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Megarans\n732 Euboea splits;732;bc-y;;;;<br />
ue to disputes\n731 Sigeion is fou;731;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n731 Catania is fou;731;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Chalcidians\n730 Leontini is fo;730;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrant Euarchus\n730 Troliton is ab;730;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed in Leontini\n728 Troliton settl;728;bc-y;;;;<br />
settle Thapsos\n727–717 Hippomenes;727;bc-y;;;;<br />
le Thapsos\n727–717 Hippomenes, ar;717;bc-y;;;;<br />
Aristotle).\nc. 725 Lelantine War;725;bc-y;;;;<br />
ime uncertain.\n725 Thapsos abando;725;bc-y;;;;<br />
apsos settlers\n720s/710s Droughts;720s;bc-d;;;;<br />
settlers\n720s/710s Droughts on Eu;710s;bc-d;;;;<br />
ghts on Euboea\n720 Korinth remove;720;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Kerkyra\n720: Sybaris is fo;720;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns from Helice\n719 Polydorus, Kin;719;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Polymarchus.\n716 Mylae is found;716;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Zancle\n716 According to l;716;bc-y;;;;<br />
wife's anger.\n715 Lydia annexes;715;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Smyrna\n712 Lydia abandons;712;bc-y;;;;<br />
ad and Sipylus\n712 Korinth annexe;712;bc-y;;;;<br />
la from Megara\n710s Eretrian aband;710s;bc-d;;;;<br />
ment of Andros\n709 Kroton is foun;709;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Achaeans\n707 Taras is found;707;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Dorians\n705 Hybla Minor is;705;bc-y;;;;<br />
Megara Hyblaea\n704 Korinth gives;704;bc-y;;;;<br />
Samos 4 ships\n700 The town of Ph;700;bc-y;;;;<br />
y the Rhodians\n700 Erythra is ann;700;bc-y;;;;<br />
tation needed]\n699 Metapontion is;699;bc-y;;;;<br />
on and Sybaris\n698 Euarchus is ov;698;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Leontini\n696 Lefkandi is oc;696;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Chalcis\n695 Polieum is fou;695;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n691 Antandrus is f;691;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n690 Pheidon become;690;bc-y;;;;<br />
rant of Argos.\n689 Gela is founde;689;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns and Rodians\n688 Arisba is anne;688;bc-y;;;;<br />
ar on Methymna\n687 Annual office;687;bc-y;;;;<br />
on Pausanias).\n686 Methymna is an;686;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n686 Megara gains i;686;bc-y;;;;<br />
e from Korinth\n685 The second Mes;685;bc-y;;;;<br />
an war begins.\n685 Chalcedon is f;685;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Megarans\n680 Epizephyrian L;680;bc-y;;;;<br />
ounded by Opus\n676 Pergamon is fo;676;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n674 Karystus is oc;674;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Korinth\n672 Abydos is sett;672;bc-y;;;;<br />
led by Miletus\n671 Melia is destr;671;bc-y;;;;<br />
ne split Melia\n670 Miletus is sie;670;bc-y;;;;<br />
lian territory\n669 or 668 Battle;669;bc-y;;;;<br />
rritory\n669 or 668 Battle of Hysi;668;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Hysiae\n668 Lydia abandons;668;bc-y;;;;<br />
iege of Mietus\n667 Byzantium is f;667;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Korinthians\n665 The second Mes;665;bc-y;;;;<br />
nian war ends.\n664 Corcyran Revol;664;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Korinthos\n664 Akrai is found;664;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n657 Cypselus subje;657;bc-y;;;;<br />
th to tyranny.\n657 Founding of Le;657;bc-y;;;;<br />
kas by Corinth\n655 Akanthus and S;655;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Androsi\n654 Abdera is foun;654;bc-y;;;;<br />
Klazomenaites\n652 Ephesus and Pr;652;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Cimmerians\n651 Levantine War;651;bc-y;;;;<br />
evantine Plain\n650 The Pontic Pen;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
xeinos Pontos.\n650 Andros, Kea an;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaves Karystus\n650 Syracuse annex;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
exes Pantalica\n648 Himera is foun;648;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Zancleans\n645–560 Spartan wa;645;bc-y;;;;<br />
Zancleans\n645–560 Spartan wars w;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
l unsuccessful\n643 Kasmenai is fo;643;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n637–630 Drought on;637;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Syracuse\n637–630 Drought on The;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
ought on Thera\n633 Ambrakia found;633;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Korinthians\n632 Cylon, Athenia;632;bc-y;;;;<br />
e himself king\n631 Battus establi;631;bc-y;;;;<br />
rene in Libya.\n630 Helorus is fou;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n630 Histria is est;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
native Getae@.\n630 Founding of Tr;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
polis by Samos\n630 Formal pederas;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
onal modality.\n628 Selinus is fou;628;bc-y;;;;<br />
blaea Megarans\n627 Epidamos is fo;627;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Kerkyreans\n627 Cypselus is su;627;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Periander\n625 Establishment;625;bc-y;;;;<br />
t of Naucratis\n621 Draco, Athenia;621;bc-y;;;;<br />
able by death.\n621 Epidaurus is a;621;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n619 Herbessus is a;619;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n616 Miletus is sie;616;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n615 Leontini is ov;615;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Panaetius\n612 Miletus is ove;612;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Thrasybulos\n610 Panticapaeum (;610;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Milesians\n609 Panaetius is o;609;bc-y;;;;<br />
st by Leontini\n606 Gorgus is succ;606;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Periander\n604 Lydia abandons;604;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Miletus\n603 Athenai annexe;603;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Sigeion\n601 Miletus and Ko;601;bc-y;;;;<br />
become allies\n600 Massalia found;600;bc-y;;;;<br />
mate date).[0]\n600 Segesta is Hel;600;bc-y;;;;<br />
zed by Ionians\n598 Akrillai is fo;598;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n598 Kamarina is fo;598;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n597 Delphi gains i;597;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Kirrha\n596 Paleopoli is f;596;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Samosi\n595 Salamis is ann;595;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n595 Start of the F;595;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Sacred War\n594 Kirrha is sieg;594;bc-y;;;;<br />
ctyonic League\n594 Solon, Athenia;594;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ath. Pol. 8).\n592 Ephesus is sie;592;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Persia\n590 Siege of Ephes;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian war starts\n590 Muorica (Renam;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n590 Sappho, Greek;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
and of Lesbos.\n589 Klazomenai is;589;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n588 Poseidonia is;588;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Sybaris\n587 Siege of Klazo;587;bc-y;;;;<br />
doned by Lydia\n586 Death of Lycop;586;bc-y;;;;<br />
ant of Corcyra\n586 Plataea gains;586;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Thebai\n585 Kirrha is dest;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
a is destroyed\n585 Lydian-Median;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
at Halys River\n585 The philosophe;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Halys.\n585 Periander is o;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Psammetichus\n585 End of the Fir;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Sacred War\n583 Psammetichus i;583;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Korinth\n582 Akragas is fou;582;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Gelans\n582: First recorde;582;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pythian Games\n581 Selinus attack;581;bc-y;;;;<br />
attacks Motya\n581 Korinth join t;581;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n580 Foundation of;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Parthenope\n580 Selinus is def;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
aws from Motya\n580 Periander is o;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts in Ambrakia\n580 Elis joins the;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n580 Lipari is foun;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Knidosi\n578 Thrasybulos di;578;bc-y;;;;<br />
rasybulos dies\n575 Empúries, also;575;bc-y;;;;<br />
cf. emporion).\n572 Pisa and Olymp;572;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Elis\n570 Akragas is ove;570;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Phalaris\n570 Phocaeans from;570;bc-y;;;;<br />
s (Monaco).[0]\n569 Pythagoras is;569;bc-y;;;;<br />
goras is born.\n565 Peisistratos,;565;bc-y;;;;<br />
f poor people.\n561 Peisistratos t;561;bc-y;;;;<br />
or first time.\n560 Ephesus is bes;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n560 Phalaris annex;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Himera\n559 Ephesus is ann;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Lydia\n559-550 Lydia anne;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Lydia\n559-550 Lydia annexes;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
olis and Ionia\n559 Achilleion is;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n557 Argos is overt;557;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Perilaus\n556 Phlius is over;556;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrown by Leo\n555 Helike (Elche);555;bc-y;;;;<br />
city of Helice\n555 Peisistratos d;555;bc-y;;;;<br />
der of nobles.\n555 Miltiades I un;555;bc-y;;;;<br />
under his rule\n554 Phalaris is ov;554;bc-y;;;;<br />
s independence\n553 Kamarina decla;553;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n552 Kamarina is an;552;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n551 Telemachus ove;551;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Akragas\n550 Minoa is found;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Selinus\n550 Odessa[0] is e;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
ty of Histria.\n550 Miltiades II i;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
des II is born\n549 Peisistratos r;549;bc-y;;;;<br />
p of Megacles.\n549 Boeotian Leagu;549;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue is founded\n548 Lesbos sieges;548;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Sigeion\n547 Athens repulse;547;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian vassal\n546 Sparta annexes;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
era from Argos\n546 Croesus, rich;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
s by Persians.\n545 Miletus is ove;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Molpagoras\n545 Lygdamis becom;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrant of Naxos\n545 The ancient Gr;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Cretans.[0]\n544 Abdera starts;544;bc-y;;;;<br />
its Golden Age\n543 Phanagoria, (K;543;bc-y;;;;<br />
rus the Great.\n542 Peisistratos e;542;bc-y;;;;<br />
hracian mines.\n542 The colony of;542;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pontic Greeks.\n541 Telemachus is;541;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Alcamenes\n540 Naxan vassaliz;540;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Paros\n540 Selinus is ove;540;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Theron\n538 Sybaris conque;538;bc-y;;;;<br />
conquers Siris\n538 Samos is overt;538;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Polycrates\n536 Samos annexes;536;bc-y;;;;<br />
e from Miletus\n535 Perilaus dies;535;bc-y;;;;<br />
Perilaus dies\n534 Athens starts;534;bc-y;;;;<br />
ibute from Ios\n532 Croton is over;532;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Cylonius\n532 Peisistratos r;532;bc-y;;;;<br />
amis of Naxos.\n531 Ikaria is anne;531;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Samos\n530 Emporion becom;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
aginian vassal\n530 Maktorion is f;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
exiled Gelans\n530 Tegea joins th;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n529 Leo dies\n528 M;529;bc-y;;;;<br />
e\n529 Leo dies\n528 Maktorion is a;528;bc-y;;;;<br />
s move to Gela\n527 Peisistratos d;527;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Hipparchus.\n527 Rineia and Del;527;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Samos\n526 Cylonius is ov;526;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Kroton\n525 Netum is annex;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n525 The ancient Gr;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
le from Cyrene\n525 Persian Cambys;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
t takes Egypt.\n524 Samos annexes;524;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Donousa\n524 Lgydamis of Na;524;bc-y;;;;<br />
is overthrown\n523 Chalcedon is a;523;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n522 Death of Polyc;522;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Maiandrios\n521 Overthrow of M;521;bc-y;;;;<br />
backed Syloson\n520 Peithagoras ov;520;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrows Theron\n519 Plataea leaves;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
by the latter\n519 Miltiades is o;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Stesagoras\n519 Abydos declare;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
Tyrant Daphnis\n518 Athens repulse;518;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Plataea\n517 Sybaris is ove;517;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrown by Telys\n516 Miltiades II a;516;bc-y;;;;<br />
porates Abydos\n516 Cassaibile is;516;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n515 Molpagoras is;515;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Histiaeos\n515 Hippias become;515;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Hipparchus.\n514 Tenedos, Lesbo;514;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n513 Miltiades II d;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
hens to Persia\n513 Myrcinos is fo;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n513 Persia annexes;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrace (Region)\n513 Cinyps, Libya,;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Dorieus.[0]\n512 Antandrus is a;512;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n512 Persian vassal;512;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Naxos\n511 Piraeus is fou;511;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n511 Thracian Chern;511;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n510 Kroton annexes;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
erthrows Telys\n510 Pythagoras est;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
is own school.\n510 Peithagoras is;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Euryleon\n510 Minoa is renam;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
Heraclea Minoa\n510 Cinyps is anne;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n508 Andros and Nax;508;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n508 Hippias is for;508;bc-y;;;;<br />
leave Athens.\n507 Plataea is sie;507;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n507 Cleisthenes, G;507;bc-y;;;;<br />
ses democracy.\n506 Boeotian Leagu;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
taea by Athens\n506 Cumae is overt;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Aristodemus\n506 Alcamenes is o;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Alcandros\n506 The Levantine;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
mes a Cleurchy\n505 Hegesistratos;505;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Sigeion dies\n505 Cleander overt;505;bc-y;;;;<br />
verthrows Gela\n504 Cleinias overt;504;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrows Croton\n504 Taras defeats;504;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n503 Naxos declares;503;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n502 Euryleon is ov;502;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Selinus\n500 Pythagoras die;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
Croton, Italy\n500 Heraclea Minoa;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n500 Morgantina and;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Leontini\n499 Miletus Siege;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Naxan Victory)\n499 Independence o;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
dence of Paros\n499 Alcandros is o;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Akragas\n499 Ionian Revolt;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Revolt starts\n499 Éphesos, Klazo;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n498 Cyprus (Except;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n498 Amathos is sie;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Cyprus\n498 Cleander is ov;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n498 Hippocrates va;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
emus as tyrant\n498 Licodia is ann;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n497 Eion is sieged;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n497 Dardanos, Myrc;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n497 Catania is vas;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
arge as tyrant\n497 Persian Empire;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
dasos (Carian)\n496 Byzantium is o;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Histiaeos\n496 Myrcinos is re;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n496 Athenian Tyran;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian Chernessos\n496 Naxos is vassa;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n495 Cleinias dies;495;bc-y;;;;<br />
Cleinias dies\n494 Rhegium is ove;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Anaxilas\n494 Zancle is vass;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
put in charge\n494 Priene, Samos;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n493 Byzantium sieg;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Thasus\n493 Ionian revolt;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
revolt crushed\n493 Zancle is sett;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
enamed Messene\n493 Zancle is conq;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
red by Rhegion\n492 Kamarina (now;492;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n492 Abdera and Thr;492;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n491 Hippocrates is;491;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrown by Gelon\n491 Fort Scyllaeum;491;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Rhegion\n490 Aristodemus di;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
istodemus dies\n490 Persian conque;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
uest of Rhodes\n490 Persian Siege;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
Naxan Victory)\n490 Persian conque;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
quest of Paros\n490 Persian sackin;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ing of Eretria\n490 Themistocles a;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
uns with news.\n490 Taras defeats;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ians in battle\n488 Akragas is ove;488;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Theron\n486 Himera is over;486;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Terillus\n485 Gelon annexes;485;bc-y;;;;<br />
iven to Hieron\n484 Kamarina is de;484;bc-y;;;;<br />
royed by Gelon\n484 Aeschylus, Ath;484;bc-y;;;;<br />
City Dionysia.\n483 Megara Hyblaea;483;bc-y;;;;<br />
royed by Gelon\n483 Theron puts hi;483;bc-y;;;;<br />
as his vassal\n481 Andros, Aegina;481;bc-y;;;;<br />
ance to Persia\n481 The Naxos, Mil;481;bc-y;;;;<br />
e (480–323 BC)\n480 Aegina and And;480;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ellenic League\n480 Emporion ousts;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian influences\n480 Leonidas, Spar;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Persians.\n480 Croton, Leucas;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ellenic League\n480 Simultaneous w;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Artemisium.\n480 Boeotia, Attic;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Persia\n480 Battle of Sala;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ind Mardonius.\n480 Possibly simul;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
(Thrasydaeus)\n479 Pausanias, Gre;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Plataea.\n479 Battle of Myca;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Mycale\n479 Rhodes, Samos,;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
e independence\n479 Paros is vassa;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ized by Athens\n479 Athens annexes;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Tenedos\n479 Sestos is besi;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n479 Boeotian Leagu;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ellenic League\n479 Sicel Ducetius;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
erthrows Miniu\n478 Byzantium is b;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n478 Delian League;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd many others\n478 Gelon dies and;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
ontrol of Gela\n477 The Persian Em;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
iskus and Eion\n477 Chalcedon, Byz;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n477 Andros is turn;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian cleurchy\n476 Micythus becom;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
naxilas' death\n476 Catania is spl;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
t Deinmenes II\n476 Taras allies w;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
them in battle\n476 Himera is sett;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
oric colonists\n476 Sybaris declar;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Kroton\n476–462 Cimon elec;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
rom Kroton\n476–462 Cimon elected;462;bc-y;;;;<br />
eral each year\n475 Sybaris is ann;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Kroton\n475 Abdera and Eio;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n475 Skyros is anne;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n474 Battle of Cuma;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Cumae\n474 Naxos joins th;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n474 Hieron occupie;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
nopean Islands\n474 Pindar, Greek;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
at Syracuse@.\n473 Taras is defea;473;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n472 Thrasydaeus an;472;bc-y;;;;<br />
eath of Theron\n471 Naxos leaves t;471;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n471 Themistocles o;471;bc-y;;;;<br />
es ostracized.\n470 Dénia, Hēmeros;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
ana in Latin).\n470 Naxos is impre;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n470 Ducetius annex;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Ergezio\n470 The new urban;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Cumae\n469 Illios is anne;469;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n469 Klazomenai, Ph;469;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n468 Thrasydaeus is;468;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Akragas\n468 Sophocles, Gre;468;bc-y;;;;<br />
ize for drama.\n467 Micythus steps;467;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn to Leophron\n466 Taras is defea;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n466 Taras' monarch;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by democrats\n466 Thrasybulos su;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
ucceeds Hieron\n465 Thasus leaves;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n465 Abydos and Tro;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n465 Thracian Chern;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n465 Deinmenes II,;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
pective cities\n463 Thasus is impr;463;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n462 Megara leaves;462;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n461 Catania, Naxos;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
d from Catania\n461 Kamarina is re;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
nny of Psaumis\n461 Cimon ostraciz;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
on ostracized.\n461 Thera joins th;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n461 Messene and Rh;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
oust Leophron\n460 Taras defeats;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n460 Aetna is found;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
tna is founded\n460 First Peloponn;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian War Starts\n459 Aegina is besi;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n459: Morgantina is;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n459-455 Siege of M;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Ducetius\n459-455 Siege of Memph;455;bc-y;;;;<br />
t by Megabyzus\n458 Imbros is anne;458;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n457 Aegina is impr;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n457 Delphi is anne;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Phocis\n457 Pericles, Athe;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
rse and atoms.\n457 Boeotia (Excep;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n456 Gythium is rai;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
ided by Athens\n456 Zakynthos join;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n456 Castrugiuvanni;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
join Ducetius\n456 Aeschylus dies;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
eschylus dies.\n455 Nafpaktos is i;455;bc-y;;;;<br />
ssenian Helots\n454 Abacaenum is a;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n454 Movement of De;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian Empire\n454 Athenian annex;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Delos\n453 Palike is foun;453;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n452 Akragas and Ae;452;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Motyon\n452 Nea Sybaris is;452;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Sybarites\n451 Athens besiege;451;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Kition\n451 Motyon is occu;451;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n450 Naxos becomes;450;bc-y;;;;<br />
mes a cleurchy\n450 Akragas and Mo;450;bc-y;;;;<br />
and the Sicels\n449 Delphi declare;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Phocis\n449 Ducetius aband;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
ile at Korinth\n449 Morgantina is;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed Syracuse\n449 Herodotus, Gre;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
rsian War from 490 to 479.\n448 De;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ar from 490 to 479.\n448 Delphi is;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
om 490 to 479.\n448 Delphi is anne;448;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Phocis\n447 Ictinus and Ca;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Parthenon.\n447 Nea Sybaris is;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Kroton\n447 Chalcis leaves;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n446 Phocis, Locris;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n446 Megara joins t;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n446 Kale Akte is f;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n446 Achaea and Tro;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n446-445 Euboean Re;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian League\n446-445 Euboean Revolt;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
Euboean Revolt\n445 Euboea is impr;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n445 Histiaea becom;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian cleurchy\n445 First Peloponn;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
esian War Ends\n445 Troezen is imp;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n443 Thurii is foun;443;bc-y;;;;<br />
rious Hellenes\n441 Euripides, Gre;441;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian prize.\n441 Sybaris on the;441;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed from Thurii\n440 Samos leaves t;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n440 Palike is dest;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
cel Federation\n440 Ducetius dies;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ducetius dies\n439 Samos is impre;439;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n438 Founding of th;438;bc-y;;;;<br />
an Kingdom[00]\n437 Newly founded;437;bc-y;;;;<br />
s annexes Eion\n437 Athens allies;437;bc-y;;;;<br />
with Messapia\n436 Taulantii-Epid;436;bc-y;;;;<br />
i-Epidamos War\n435 Phidias, Greek;435;bc-y;;;;<br />
of the world.\n434 Epidamos becom;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
es a democracy\n434 Epidamos is an;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n434 Kerkyra allies;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
siege Epidamos\n434 Kerkyra seizes;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
pidamos (City)\n434 Battle of Leuk;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Leukimme\n434 Kerkyra raids;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
raids Kyllene\n434 Kerkyra joins;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n433 Battle of Sybo;433;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Sybota\n433 Anactorium is;433;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n432 Psaumis dies\n4;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
2 Psaumis dies\n432 Potidaea leave;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n432 Pydna is besie;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n432 End of "Golden;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
Age" of Athens\n431 Sparta command;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
ponnesian War.\n431 Plataea is bes;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Thebes\n431 Pagae and Atal;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Athens\n431 Aegina is anne;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n431 Empedocles, Gr;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
Temperaments.\n430 Athens abandon;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Pydna\n430 Herakleion is;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n430 Spartan Siege;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Local Victory)\n430 Failed peace m;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
no prisoners.\n430 Leucippus, Gre;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
ins in Athens.\n429 Herakleion is;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Macedonia\n429 Potidaea is im;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n429 All Chalkidiki;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n429 Athens Siege o;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Local Victory)\n429 Phormio, Athen;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Chalcis/Rhium.\n429 Pericles dies;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
bonic plague@.\n429 Hippocrates, G;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
hysical cause.\n429 First Battle o;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian Victory)\n428 Plato born.\n42;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
28 Plato born.\n428 Mytilene and A;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Methymna\n428 Illios joins t;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n427 Suppression of;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
pendent cities\n427 Archidamus II;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
lague returns.\n427 Plataea is imp;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n427 Aristophanes,;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian Prize.\n427 Corcyran Civil;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
ratic Victory)\n427 First Athenian;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
Sicily begins\n426 Megara occupie;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
occupies Pegae\n426 Athens sieges;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
s sieges Lecus\n426 Pylos, Messene;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
escaped Helots\n426 Battle of Tana;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Tanagra\n426 Amfissa joins;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n426 Ozolian Locris;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n426 Demosthenes, A;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
rely succeeds.\n426 Ambrakia occup;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
lpae and Argos\n426 Acarnanian Lea;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n425 Acarnania occu;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
lpae and Argos\n425 Athenian fleet;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
icias resigns.\n425 Herakleion is;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n425 Athens occupie;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
ies Sphacteria\n425 Morgantina is;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Kamarina\n425 Ozolian Locris;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n425 Athens withdra;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Acarnania\n425 Athens withdra;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n424 Herakleion is;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n424 Eion, Akanthus;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n424 Stagira joins;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n424 Nisaia, and Si;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Athenai\n424 Thyrea is occu;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Athens\n424 First Athenian;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
in Sicily ends\n424 Pagondas of Th;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
arriving late.\n423 Sparta occupie;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
lis and Scione\n423 Torone is occu;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n423 Akanthus joins;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n423 Truce of Lache;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
taking Mende@.\n423 Olynthus form;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n422 Stagira is bes;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n422 Neapolis is an;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Rome\n422 Torone and Sci;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n422 Cleon meets Br;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Amphipolis).\n422 Syracuse annex;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
weak Leontini\n421 Peace of Nicia;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
arta alliance.\n421 Herakleion is;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n421 Cumae is annex;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Oscans\n421 Athens abandon;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Stagira\n421 Delphi declare;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Phocis\n421 Argulus, Apoll;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n420 Mantineia, Arg;420;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n419 Athens occupie;419;bc-y;;;;<br />
pies Epidauros\n419 King Agis II o;419;bc-y;;;;<br />
makes treaty.\n418 Battle of Mant;418;bc-y;;;;<br />
lliance ended.\n418 Orchmenos is o;418;bc-y;;;;<br />
upied by Argos\n417 Orchmenos is g;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
ven to Boeotia\n417 Sicyon joins t;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n417 Epidauros is o;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Sparta\n416 Melos is besie;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n416 Alcibiades mak;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
ored to power.\n416 Selinus annexe;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
tier provinces\n416 Massacre of th;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Melians.\n415 Hermai statues;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
cts to Sparta.\n415 Many Syracusan;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
n cities rebel\n415–413 Siege of S;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
ties rebel\n415–413 Siege of Syrac;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ge of Syracuse\n414-413 Metapontio;414;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Syracuse\n414-413 Metapontion al;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
es with Athens\n414 Lamachus, Athe;414;bc-y;;;;<br />
d at Syracuse.\n413 Nicias and Dem;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed at Syracuse\n413 Leontini and K;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n413 Herakleion is;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n413 Miletus and Kh;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n412 Alcibiades is;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
ack to Athens.\n412 Methymna is oc;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Sparta\n412 Klazomenai and;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n412 Chios is siege;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n412 Aygrion dies a;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
eded by Aygris\n411 Sparta allies;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
es with Persia\n411 Aspendos is an;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n411 Kyzikus and Kl;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n411 Oropos is occu;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Boeotia\n411 Illios is anne;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
s by Lampsacus\n411 Athens abandon;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Chios\n411 Sparta leaves;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaves Methymna\n411 Euboea, Byzant;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n411 Abydos is over;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Dercylidas\n411 Selinus attack;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
vates Carthage\n411 Athens is over;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
e Four Hundred\n410 After several;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
peace offers.\n410 Segesta is ann;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n410 Four Hundred a;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Athens\n409 Antandrus is a;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n409 Abydos is besi;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n409 Sparta sieges;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
ges Klazomenai\n409 Selinus and Hi;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n409 Byzantium reca;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
es for Athens.\n408 The 3 poleis o;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
l called Rodos\n408 Athens besiege;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
eges Paleopoli\n408 Athens abandon;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
iege of Abydos\n408 Sparta abandon;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Klazomenai\n408 Alcibiades ree;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
lt at Ephesus.\n407 Thermae is fou;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n407 Athens abandon;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
e of Paleopoli\n407 Lysander begin;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
pped of power.\n406 Sparta sieges;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieges Methymna\n406 Akragas is sac;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n406 Callicratides,;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Cleophon.\n405 Methymna is im;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n405 Syracuse is ov;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
sius the Elder\n405 Melos is annex;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Sparta\n405 Gela, Kamarina;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n405 Carthage allow;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
d their cities\n405 Leontini and M;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n405 Carthage annex;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ican territory\n405 The naval Batt;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ion of Athens.\n405 Klazomenai and;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
n independence\n404 Athens capitul;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
es are killed.\n404 Delian League;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
e is dissolved\n404 Korinth leaves;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n404 Entella is ove;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
al to Carthage\n404 Aygris becomes;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
acusan Subject\n404 Nafpaktos is a;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ozolian Locris\n404 Athens is over;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
by the Thirty\n404 Athens joins t;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n403 Aeimnestus, wh;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
Castrugiuvanni\n403 Aetna is overt;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n403 Dionysius dest;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n403 Athens overthr;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
ows the Thirty\n403 Athens leaves;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n402 Elis leaves th;402;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n401 Euboea joins t;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n401 Elis is sacked;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n401 Dionysius free;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
rom Aeimnestus\n401 Poseidonia is;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Lucanians\n401 Thucydides, Gr;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
onnesian War).\n400 @A@dranon is f;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n400 Aygris annexes;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
xes C@enturipe\n400 Democritus, Gr;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
out of nothing\n399 Illios declare;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Lampsacus\n399 Sparta sways P;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
a and siege it\n399 Socrates, Gree;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
rupting youth.\n398 Ionia joins th;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n398 All Carthagini;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Carthage\n398 Dionysius sieg;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
ta and Entella\n398 Mainland terri;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n397 Motya is destr;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
to replace it\n397 Dionysius aban;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
la and Segesta\n397 Eryx, Segesta,;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n397 Carthage allie;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
except Assorus\n397 Tauormenion is;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
tled by Sicels\n397 Carthaginian f;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
to an eruption\n397 Catania is occ;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n397 Battle of Cata;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Catania\n397 Syracuse is be;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n396 Carthage lifts;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
ene and Lipari\n396 Himera and Sel;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n396 Gela, Ergezio,;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n396 Tyndaris is fo;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
of operations\n396 Persia annexes;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Rodos\n396 Sparta campaig;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
gns in Phrygia\n395 Sparta campaig;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
h up to Sardis\n395 Orchmenus leav;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n395 C@ephaloedium;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n395 Mylae is annex;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Rhegion\n395 Argos, Korinth;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n394 Sparta withdra;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Anatolia\n394 All Thracian a;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
os and Abydos)\n394 Virtually all;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n394 Klazomenaites;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
land off shore\n394 Mylae is annex;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n393 Lipari is anne;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n393 Italiote Leagu;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
gium and Velia\n393 Imbros, Lemnos;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n393 Makedonia star;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
om of Dardania\n393 Chalcidian Lea;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
akedonian land\n392 Sparta occupie;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Lechaeum\n392 Heraclea Minoa;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n392 Sicel territor;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n392 Makedonia stop;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
te to Dardania\n392 Makedonia rean;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n392 Damastion is a;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Dardania\n391 Korinth occupi;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
ccupies Phlius\n391 Tauromenion is;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n391 Makedonia star;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
te to Dardania\n390 The Acarnanian;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n390 Dercylidas is;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Anaxibios\n390 Himera is merg;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
d into Thermae\n390 Dionysius tran;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
lae to Messene\n390 Kroton is anne;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n390 Argos and Kori;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
Argos-Korinth\n390 Castrugiuvani;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n389 Metapontion is;389;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n389 Anaxibios is o;389;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Abydos\n387 Rhegion is ann;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
it to Phoebea\n387 Peace of Antal;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n387 Ancona is foun;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaning "elbow"\n387 Argos and Kori;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
Korinth split\n387 All cities gai;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
are disbanded\n386 Phlius becomes;386;bc-y;;;;<br />
es a democracy\n385 Dardania attac;385;bc-y;;;;<br />
tacks Molossia\n385 The Greeks col;385;bc-y;;;;<br />
Croatia).[00]\n384 Dionysius occu;384;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrgi and Caere\n384 Chalcidian Lea;384;bc-y;;;;<br />
ncluding Pella\n383 Gela gains ind;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n383 Dionysius leav;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
leaves Eturia\n383 Liburnia besie;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Pharos\n383 Potidaea leave;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n382 Thebes is over;382;bc-y;;;;<br />
es and Archias\n382 Thebes is impr;382;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n380 Sparta besiege;380;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Phlius\n380 Makedonia reca;380;bc-y;;;;<br />
rmer territory\n379 Kroton is anne;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n379 Phlius is impr;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n379 The Chalcidian;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
oin the league\n379 Leontiades and;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n379 Sparta occupie;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Thespiae\n378 Themison overt;378;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Eretria\n377 The Boeotian L;377;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Thebes\n376 Abdera is sack;376;bc-y;;;;<br />
i and Maroneia\n376 Thespiae and t;376;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n375 The Acarnanian;375;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n375 Chalcidian Lea;375;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n373 Kerkyra is bes;373;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n371 Sparta leaves;371;bc-y;;;;<br />
leaves Kerkyra\n370 Gythium is occ;370;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Thebes\n370 Heraclea Sinti;370;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n369 Korinth is ove;369;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Timophanes\n368 Aetolian Leagu;368;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue is founded\n367 Daparria is an;367;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Dardania\n367 Kroton is anne;367;bc-y;;;;<br />
ruttian League\n366 Opus[disambigu;366;bc-y;;;;<br />
lp of Themison\n365 Opus requests;365;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n364 Timophanes is;364;bc-y;;;;<br />
s assassinated\n364 Orchmenus leav;364;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Thebes\n363 Orchmenus is i;363;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n363 Pydna is impre;363;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n362 Themison dies;362;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Plutarch\n361 Potidaea and T;361;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian Cluerchies\n360 Tauromenion ov;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Andromache\n360 Illios is over;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Charidemos\n360 Abydos is over;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Iphiades\n359 Charidemos is;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Illios\n359 Dardania annex;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
pper Macedonia\n359 Archelaus anne;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
egae and Pydna\n358 Archelaus is a;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n358 Macedonia rean;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Dardania\n358 Makedonia anne;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Paeonia\n357 Social War Sta;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
ial War Starts\n357 Kos, Khios, Ro;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n357 Makedonia anne;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Amphipolis\n357 Dionysius II i;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
thrown by Dion\n356 Phocis annexes;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Delphi\n356 Locris is anne;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Dionysius II\n356 Lemnos, Samos;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n356 Makedonia anne;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
th Makedonians\n356 Makedonian bor;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
n Nestus river\n356 Potidaea and A;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n356 Makedonia besi;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Methone\n356 Lokros is over;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Dionysius II\n355 Social War End;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
ocial War Ends\n355 Argolas is bes;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Phocis\n355 Dion is overth;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Callipus\n354 Methone and Ab;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n354 Phocis abandon;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Argolas\n354 Thessaly is va;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
ized by Phocis\n353 Catania is ann;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Callipus\n353 Makedonia occu;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
cupied Pagasae\n353 Thessaly is va;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n352 Callipus is ov;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
keeps Catania)\n352 Nicodemus over;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
ows C@enturipe\n352 Orchmenus and;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Phocis\n351 Rhegion is ann;351;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Callipus\n350 Akanthos is an;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n350 Nice (Nicaea);350;bc-y;;;;<br />
ss of victory.\n350 Hipparinos is;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Aretaeus\n350 Mamercus ousts;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Catania\n349 Plutarch is ex;349;bc-y;;;;<br />
d from Eretria\n349 Aretaeus is ov;349;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Nysaios\n348 Stagira is ann;348;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n348 Callipus is ov;348;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Leptines\n347 Leontini is ov;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Hicetas\n347 Plato, Greek p;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
Academy, dies.\n347 Methymna is ov;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Kleommis\n346 Phocis withdra;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Boeotia\n346 Dionysius II l;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Nysaios\n346 Lyttos is besi;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
ged by Knossos\n346 Makedonia occu;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Thessaly\n345 Makedonia with;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
e and Antikyra\n345 Grabaei become;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
l of Macedonia\n345 Hicetas sieges;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
se's territory\n345 The Pro-Makedo;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Eretria\n345 Mainland Syrac;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
ysius' control\n344 Macedonia occu;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Tenedos\n344 Siege of Lytto;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
ted by Knossos\n344 Knossos besieg;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Kydonia\n344 Hicetas is rep;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n344 Timoleon takes;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
de the citadel\n343 Messene is reb;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
lp of Timoleon\n343 Timoleon annex;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
es the citadel\n343 Siege of Kydon;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
ted by Knossos\n342 Rhegion is fre;342;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n342 Aristotle, Gre;342;bc-y;;;;<br />
ip of Macedon.\n341 Hipparchus is;341;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian league\n341 Samothrace is;341;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n340 Antipolis (mod;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
Massilia.[00]\n340 Skyros is anne;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n340 Entella is fre;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n339 Elateia is occ;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n339 Agyris and Aet;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n339 Nicaea is occu;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Boeotia\n338 Amphissa is an;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Delphi\n338 Thyrea is anne;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Argos\n338 Mamercus dies;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
Mamercus dies\n338 Cumae is annex;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Rome\n338 Leontini is fr;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n338 Nafpaktos join;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
etolian League\n338 King Philip II;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
338 BC/337 BC.\n337 Amfissa declar;337;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ce from Delphi\n336 Timoleon dies;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
Timoleon dies\n336 Lesbos is anne;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n336 Alexander succ;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
as of Orestis.\n334 Andromache die;334;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n334 Battle of the;334;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Granicus\n333 Saminum is occ;333;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Epirus\n333 Alexander defe;333;bc-y;;;;<br />
s III escapes.\n332 Epirus occupie;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
a and Sipontum\n332 Siege of Tyre;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Tyre\n332 Siege of Gaza;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Gaza\n332 Alexander conq;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
onquers Egypt.\n332 Alexandria is;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
nder the Great\n331 Epirus occupie;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Cosentia\n331 Battle of Pand;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Pandosia\n331 Gerasa (Jordan;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
onian veterans\n331 at Battle of G;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
rsian Empire@.\n331 Alexander the;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
ers in Babylon\n331 Tauromenion is;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n331 Battle of the;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Susa, Iran)\n330 Sparta joins t;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue of Corinth\n330 Battle of the;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
(modern Iran)\n330-325 Pytheas ma;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
dern Iran)\n330-325 Pytheas makes;325;bc-y;;;;<br />
e is a record.\n329 Siege of Cyrop;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
e of Cyropolis\n329 Battle of Jaxa;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Jaxartes\n329 Alexander conq;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd, Uzbekistan\n329 Alexander the;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
ern Tajikistan\n329-160 Dayuan Kin;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
Tajikistan\n329-160 Dayuan Kingdom;160;bc-y;;;;<br />
n Kingdom.[00]\n328 Sybaris on the;328;bc-y;;;;<br />
ruttian League\n327 Oenidae is imp;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
etolian League\n327 Under the comm;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
llenic control\n327 Alexander inva;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
her eastwards.\n326 Battle of the;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Hydaspes\n326 Samos joins th;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n326 Alexandria Buc;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
rse Bucephalus\n325 Nearchus servi;325;bc-y;;;;<br />
Bahrain).[00]\n324 Kroton is over;324;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Menedemus\n324 Charax Spasinu;324;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce (323–30 BC)\n323 King Alexander;323;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
f the Diadochi\n322–320 First War;322;bc-y;;;;<br />
e Diadochi\n322–320 First War of;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Diadochi.\n320 Partition of T;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Triparadisus\n320–311 Second Wa;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
iparadisus\n320–311 Second War of;311;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Diadochi\n316 Menander, Gree;316;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian prize.\n312–63 Seleucid Em;312;bc-y;;;;<br />
eleucid Empire\n310 Zeno of Citium;310;bc-y;;;;<br />
ool in Athens.\n310 Battle of Whit;310;bc-y;;;;<br />
unis, Tunisia)\n307 Epicurus found;307;bc-y;;;;<br />
ool in Athens.\n305–30 Ptolemaic K;305;bc-y;;;;<br />
lemaic Kingdom\n305 Seleucia, also;305;bc-y;;;;<br />
ucus I Nicator\n301 Battle of Ipsu;301;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Ipsus\n300 Antioch, is fo;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
ther Antiochus\n300 Euclid, Greek;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
an algorithm).\n295 Athens falls t;295;bc-y;;;;<br />
chares killed.\n282–133 Kingdom of;282;bc-y;;;;<br />
es killed.\n282–133 Kingdom of Per;133;bc-y;;;;<br />
om of Pergamon\n281 Creation of t;281;bc-y;;;;<br />
Achaean League\n280 The Greek colo;280;bc-y;;;;<br />
rn day Split).\n280–275 Pyrrhic Wa;280;bc-y;;;;<br />
ay Split).\n280–275 Pyrrhic War\n27;275;bc-y;;;;<br />
75 Pyrrhic War\n279 Gallic invasio;279;bc-y;;;;<br />
of the Balkans\n274–271 First Syri;274;bc-y;;;;<br />
he Balkans\n274–271 First Syrian W;271;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Syrian War\n267–262 Chremonide;267;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n267–262 Chremonidean W;262;bc-y;;;;<br />
remonidean War\n265 Archimedes, Gr;265;bc-y;;;;<br />
gral calculus.\n260–253 Second Syr;260;bc-y;;;;<br />
calculus.\n260–253 Second Syrian;253;bc-y;;;;<br />
ond Syrian War\n256–125 Greco-Bact;256;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n256–125 Greco-Bactrian;125;bc-y;;;;<br />
ctrian Kingdom\n246–241 Third Syri;246;bc-y;;;;<br />
an Kingdom\n246–241 Third Syrian W;241;bc-y;;;;<br />
ird Syrian War\n235 Tanais (Rostov;235;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Miletus\n220 Euthydemus I o;220;bc-y;;;;<br />
the West.[00]\n219–217 Fourth Syr;219;bc-y;;;;<br />
West.[00]\n219–217 Fourth Syrian;217;bc-y;;;;<br />
rth Syrian War\n214–205 First Mace;214;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n214–205 First Macedoni;205;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n203–200 Fifth Syri;203;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n203–200 Fifth Syrian W;200;bc-y;;;;<br />
fth Syrian War\n200–196 Second Mac;200;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n200–196 Second Macedon;196;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n192–188 Roman–Syri;192;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n192–188 Roman–Syrian W;188;bc-y;;;;<br />
man–Syrian War\n180–10 AD Indo-Gre;180;bc-y;;;;<br />
-Greek Kingdom\n172–167 Third Mace;172;bc-y;;;;<br />
ek Kingdom\n172–167 Third Macedoni;167;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n170–168 Sixth Syri;170;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n170–168 Sixth Syrian W;168;bc-y;;;;<br />
in his honour.\n150–148 Fourth Mac;150;bc-y;;;;<br />
is honour.\n150–148 Fourth Macedon;148;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n146 Battle of Cori;146;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Corinth\n30 Death of Ptole;30;bc-y;;;;<br />
Template:Ancient Greece topics<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great&diff=5725Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander the Great2024-02-02T14:24:51Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
unt Mosaic, c. 300 BC, from Pella\; t;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ce suffered in 480 and free the G;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
menid rule. In 336 he sent Parmen;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Issus in 331.[000][000] How;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
Alexandria c. 30 BC\nOver the cours;30 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
20 June 2015. 356 – Alexander bo;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece&diff=5724Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline of ancient Greece2024-02-01T16:17:54Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
ergence around 800 BC to its subject;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
d (785–481 BC)\n785 Pithecusae (Is;785;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ia and Chalcis\n777 Cumae is found;777;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Chalcis\n776 Traditional da;776;bc-y;;;;<br />
Olympic games.\n757 The First Mess;757;bc-y;;;;<br />
n of the war).\n756 Kyzikus is set;756;bc-y;;;;<br />
led by Ionians\n754 Polydorus beco;754;bc-y;;;;<br />
ing of Sparta.\n753 Athens: Office;753;bc-y;;;;<br />
on Pausanias).\n743 Rhegion is fou;743;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n740 Zancle is foun;740;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n738 Alternative da;738;bc-y;;;;<br />
Messenian War.\n737 Rhegion and Za;737;bc-y;;;;<br />
n under Zancle\n735 Perdiccas I of;735;bc-y;;;;<br />
uers the land.\n734 Polydorus send;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
ists to Italy.\n734 Syracuse is fo;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns and Teneans\n734 Kerkyra is fou;734;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Korinthians\n733 Naxos (Sicily);733;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Euboeans\n733 Troliton is fo;733;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Megarans\n732 Euboea splits;732;bc-y;;;;<br />
ue to disputes\n731 Sigeion is fou;731;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n731 Catania is fou;731;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Chalcidians\n730 Leontini is fo;730;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrant Euarchus\n730 Troliton is ab;730;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed in Leontini\n728 Troliton settl;728;bc-y;;;;<br />
settle Thapsos\n727–717 Hippomenes;727;bc-y;;;;<br />
le Thapsos\n727–717 Hippomenes, ar;717;bc-y;;;;<br />
Aristotle).\nc. 725 Lelantine War;725;bc-y;;;;<br />
ime uncertain.\n725 Thapsos abando;725;bc-y;;;;<br />
apsos settlers\n720s/710s Droughts;720s;bc-d;;;;<br />
settlers\n720s/710s Droughts on Eu;710s;bc-d;;;;<br />
ghts on Euboea\n720 Korinth remove;720;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Kerkyra\n720: Sybaris is fo;720;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns from Helice\n719 Polydorus, Kin;719;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Polymarchus.\n716 Mylae is found;716;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Zancle\n716 According to l;716;bc-y;;;;<br />
wife's anger.\n715 Lydia annexes;715;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Smyrna\n712 Lydia abandons;712;bc-y;;;;<br />
ad and Sipylus\n712 Korinth annexe;712;bc-y;;;;<br />
la from Megara\n710s Eretrian aband;710s;bc-d;;;;<br />
ment of Andros\n709 Kroton is foun;709;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Achaeans\n707 Taras is found;707;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Dorians\n705 Hybla Minor is;705;bc-y;;;;<br />
Megara Hyblaea\n704 Korinth gives;704;bc-y;;;;<br />
Samos 4 ships\n700 The town of Ph;700;bc-y;;;;<br />
y the Rhodians\n700 Erythra is ann;700;bc-y;;;;<br />
tation needed]\n699 Metapontion is;699;bc-y;;;;<br />
on and Sybaris\n698 Euarchus is ov;698;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Leontini\n696 Lefkandi is oc;696;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Chalcis\n695 Polieum is fou;695;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n691 Antandrus is f;691;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n690 Pheidon become;690;bc-y;;;;<br />
rant of Argos.\n689 Gela is founde;689;bc-y;;;;<br />
ns and Rodians\n688 Arisba is anne;688;bc-y;;;;<br />
ar on Methymna\n687 Annual office;687;bc-y;;;;<br />
on Pausanias).\n686 Methymna is an;686;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n686 Megara gains i;686;bc-y;;;;<br />
e from Korinth\n685 The second Mes;685;bc-y;;;;<br />
an war begins.\n685 Chalcedon is f;685;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Megarans\n680 Epizephyrian L;680;bc-y;;;;<br />
ounded by Opus\n676 Pergamon is fo;676;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n674 Karystus is oc;674;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Korinth\n672 Abydos is sett;672;bc-y;;;;<br />
led by Miletus\n671 Melia is destr;671;bc-y;;;;<br />
ne split Melia\n670 Miletus is sie;670;bc-y;;;;<br />
lian territory\n669 or 668 Battle;669;bc-y;;;;<br />
rritory\n669 or 668 Battle of Hysi;668;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Hysiae\n668 Lydia abandons;668;bc-y;;;;<br />
iege of Mietus\n667 Byzantium is f;667;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Korinthians\n665 The second Mes;665;bc-y;;;;<br />
nian war ends.\n664 Corcyran Revol;664;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Korinthos\n664 Akrai is found;664;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n657 Cypselus subje;657;bc-y;;;;<br />
th to tyranny.\n657 Founding of Le;657;bc-y;;;;<br />
kas by Corinth\n655 Akanthus and S;655;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Androsi\n654 Abdera is foun;654;bc-y;;;;<br />
Klazomenaites\n652 Ephesus and Pr;652;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Cimmerians\n651 Levantine War;651;bc-y;;;;<br />
evantine Plain\n650 The Pontic Pen;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
xeinos Pontos.\n650 Andros, Kea an;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaves Karystus\n650 Syracuse annex;650;bc-y;;;;<br />
exes Pantalica\n648 Himera is foun;648;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Zancleans\n645–560 Spartan wa;645;bc-y;;;;<br />
Zancleans\n645–560 Spartan wars w;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
l unsuccessful\n643 Kasmenai is fo;643;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n637–630 Drought on;637;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Syracuse\n637–630 Drought on The;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
ought on Thera\n633 Ambrakia found;633;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Korinthians\n632 Cylon, Athenia;632;bc-y;;;;<br />
e himself king\n631 Battus establi;631;bc-y;;;;<br />
rene in Libya.\n630 Helorus is fou;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n630 Histria is est;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
native Getae@.\n630 Founding of Tr;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
polis by Samos\n630 Formal pederas;630;bc-y;;;;<br />
onal modality.\n628 Selinus is fou;628;bc-y;;;;<br />
blaea Megarans\n627 Epidamos is fo;627;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Kerkyreans\n627 Cypselus is su;627;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Periander\n625 Establishment;625;bc-y;;;;<br />
t of Naucratis\n621 Draco, Athenia;621;bc-y;;;;<br />
able by death.\n621 Epidaurus is a;621;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n619 Herbessus is a;619;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n616 Miletus is sie;616;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n615 Leontini is ov;615;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Panaetius\n612 Miletus is ove;612;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Thrasybulos\n610 Panticapaeum (;610;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Milesians\n609 Panaetius is o;609;bc-y;;;;<br />
st by Leontini\n606 Gorgus is succ;606;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Periander\n604 Lydia abandons;604;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Miletus\n603 Athenai annexe;603;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Sigeion\n601 Miletus and Ko;601;bc-y;;;;<br />
become allies\n600 Massalia found;600;bc-y;;;;<br />
mate date).[0]\n600 Segesta is Hel;600;bc-y;;;;<br />
zed by Ionians\n598 Akrillai is fo;598;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n598 Kamarina is fo;598;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n597 Delphi gains i;597;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Kirrha\n596 Paleopoli is f;596;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Samosi\n595 Salamis is ann;595;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n595 Start of the F;595;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Sacred War\n594 Kirrha is sieg;594;bc-y;;;;<br />
ctyonic League\n594 Solon, Athenia;594;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ath. Pol. 8).\n592 Ephesus is sie;592;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Persia\n590 Siege of Ephes;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian war starts\n590 Muorica (Renam;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n590 Sappho, Greek;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
and of Lesbos.\n589 Klazomenai is;589;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n588 Poseidonia is;588;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Sybaris\n587 Siege of Klazo;587;bc-y;;;;<br />
doned by Lydia\n586 Death of Lycop;586;bc-y;;;;<br />
ant of Corcyra\n586 Plataea gains;586;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Thebai\n585 Kirrha is dest;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
a is destroyed\n585 Lydian-Median;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
at Halys River\n585 The philosophe;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Halys.\n585 Periander is o;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Psammetichus\n585 End of the Fir;585;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Sacred War\n583 Psammetichus i;583;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Korinth\n582 Akragas is fou;582;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Gelans\n582: First recorde;582;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pythian Games\n581 Selinus attack;581;bc-y;;;;<br />
attacks Motya\n581 Korinth join t;581;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n580 Foundation of;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Parthenope\n580 Selinus is def;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
aws from Motya\n580 Periander is o;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts in Ambrakia\n580 Elis joins the;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n580 Lipari is foun;580;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Knidosi\n578 Thrasybulos di;578;bc-y;;;;<br />
rasybulos dies\n575 Empúries, also;575;bc-y;;;;<br />
cf. emporion).\n572 Pisa and Olymp;572;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Elis\n570 Akragas is ove;570;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Phalaris\n570 Phocaeans from;570;bc-y;;;;<br />
s (Monaco).[0]\n569 Pythagoras is;569;bc-y;;;;<br />
goras is born.\n565 Peisistratos,;565;bc-y;;;;<br />
f poor people.\n561 Peisistratos t;561;bc-y;;;;<br />
or first time.\n560 Ephesus is bes;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieged by Lydia\n560 Phalaris annex;560;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Himera\n559 Ephesus is ann;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Lydia\n559-550 Lydia anne;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Lydia\n559-550 Lydia annexes;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
olis and Ionia\n559 Achilleion is;559;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n557 Argos is overt;557;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Perilaus\n556 Phlius is over;556;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrown by Leo\n555 Helike (Elche);555;bc-y;;;;<br />
city of Helice\n555 Peisistratos d;555;bc-y;;;;<br />
der of nobles.\n555 Miltiades I un;555;bc-y;;;;<br />
under his rule\n554 Phalaris is ov;554;bc-y;;;;<br />
s independence\n553 Kamarina decla;553;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n552 Kamarina is an;552;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n551 Telemachus ove;551;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Akragas\n550 Minoa is found;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Selinus\n550 Odessa[0] is e;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
ty of Histria.\n550 Miltiades II i;550;bc-y;;;;<br />
des II is born\n549 Peisistratos r;549;bc-y;;;;<br />
p of Megacles.\n549 Boeotian Leagu;549;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue is founded\n548 Lesbos sieges;548;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Sigeion\n547 Athens repulse;547;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian vassal\n546 Sparta annexes;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
era from Argos\n546 Croesus, rich;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
s by Persians.\n545 Miletus is ove;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Molpagoras\n545 Lygdamis becom;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrant of Naxos\n545 The ancient Gr;545;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Cretans.[0]\n544 Abdera starts;544;bc-y;;;;<br />
its Golden Age\n543 Phanagoria, (K;543;bc-y;;;;<br />
rus the Great.\n542 Peisistratos e;542;bc-y;;;;<br />
hracian mines.\n542 The colony of;542;bc-y;;;;<br />
Pontic Greeks.\n541 Telemachus is;541;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Alcamenes\n540 Naxan vassaliz;540;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Paros\n540 Selinus is ove;540;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Theron\n538 Sybaris conque;538;bc-y;;;;<br />
conquers Siris\n538 Samos is overt;538;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Polycrates\n536 Samos annexes;536;bc-y;;;;<br />
e from Miletus\n535 Perilaus dies;535;bc-y;;;;<br />
Perilaus dies\n534 Athens starts;534;bc-y;;;;<br />
ibute from Ios\n532 Croton is over;532;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Cylonius\n532 Peisistratos r;532;bc-y;;;;<br />
amis of Naxos.\n531 Ikaria is anne;531;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Samos\n530 Emporion becom;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
aginian vassal\n530 Maktorion is f;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
exiled Gelans\n530 Tegea joins th;530;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n529 Leo dies\n528 M;529;bc-y;;;;<br />
e\n529 Leo dies\n528 Maktorion is a;528;bc-y;;;;<br />
s move to Gela\n527 Peisistratos d;527;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd Hipparchus.\n527 Rineia and Del;527;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Samos\n526 Cylonius is ov;526;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Kroton\n525 Netum is annex;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n525 The ancient Gr;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
le from Cyrene\n525 Persian Cambys;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
t takes Egypt.\n524 Samos annexes;524;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Donousa\n524 Lgydamis of Na;524;bc-y;;;;<br />
is overthrown\n523 Chalcedon is a;523;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n522 Death of Polyc;522;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Maiandrios\n521 Overthrow of M;521;bc-y;;;;<br />
backed Syloson\n520 Peithagoras ov;520;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrows Theron\n519 Plataea leaves;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
by the latter\n519 Miltiades is o;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Stesagoras\n519 Abydos declare;519;bc-y;;;;<br />
Tyrant Daphnis\n518 Athens repulse;518;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Plataea\n517 Sybaris is ove;517;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrown by Telys\n516 Miltiades II a;516;bc-y;;;;<br />
porates Abydos\n516 Cassaibile is;516;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n515 Molpagoras is;515;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Histiaeos\n515 Hippias become;515;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Hipparchus.\n514 Tenedos, Lesbo;514;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n513 Miltiades II d;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
hens to Persia\n513 Myrcinos is fo;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Ionians\n513 Persia annexes;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrace (Region)\n513 Cinyps, Libya,;513;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Dorieus.[0]\n512 Antandrus is a;512;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n512 Persian vassal;512;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Naxos\n511 Piraeus is fou;511;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n511 Thracian Chern;511;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n510 Kroton annexes;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
erthrows Telys\n510 Pythagoras est;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
is own school.\n510 Peithagoras is;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Euryleon\n510 Minoa is renam;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
Heraclea Minoa\n510 Cinyps is anne;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n508 Andros and Nax;508;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n508 Hippias is for;508;bc-y;;;;<br />
leave Athens.\n507 Plataea is sie;507;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n507 Cleisthenes, G;507;bc-y;;;;<br />
ses democracy.\n506 Boeotian Leagu;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
taea by Athens\n506 Cumae is overt;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Aristodemus\n506 Alcamenes is o;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Alcandros\n506 The Levantine;506;bc-y;;;;<br />
mes a Cleurchy\n505 Hegesistratos;505;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Sigeion dies\n505 Cleander overt;505;bc-y;;;;<br />
verthrows Gela\n504 Cleinias overt;504;bc-y;;;;<br />
rthrows Croton\n504 Taras defeats;504;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n503 Naxos declares;503;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n502 Euryleon is ov;502;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Selinus\n500 Pythagoras die;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
Croton, Italy\n500 Heraclea Minoa;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n500 Morgantina and;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Leontini\n499 Miletus Siege;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Naxan Victory)\n499 Independence o;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
dence of Paros\n499 Alcandros is o;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Akragas\n499 Ionian Revolt;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Revolt starts\n499 Éphesos, Klazo;499;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n498 Cyprus (Except;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n498 Amathos is sie;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Cyprus\n498 Cleander is ov;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n498 Hippocrates va;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
emus as tyrant\n498 Licodia is ann;498;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n497 Eion is sieged;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n497 Dardanos, Myrc;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n497 Catania is vas;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
arge as tyrant\n497 Persian Empire;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
dasos (Carian)\n496 Byzantium is o;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Histiaeos\n496 Myrcinos is re;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n496 Athenian Tyran;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian Chernessos\n496 Naxos is vassa;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n495 Cleinias dies;495;bc-y;;;;<br />
Cleinias dies\n494 Rhegium is ove;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Anaxilas\n494 Zancle is vass;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
put in charge\n494 Priene, Samos;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n493 Byzantium sieg;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Thasus\n493 Ionian revolt;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
revolt crushed\n493 Zancle is sett;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
enamed Messene\n493 Zancle is conq;493;bc-y;;;;<br />
red by Rhegion\n492 Kamarina (now;492;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Hippocrates\n492 Abdera and Thr;492;bc-y;;;;<br />
Persian Empire\n491 Hippocrates is;491;bc-y;;;;<br />
hrown by Gelon\n491 Fort Scyllaeum;491;bc-y;;;;<br />
ded by Rhegion\n490 Aristodemus di;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
istodemus dies\n490 Persian conque;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
uest of Rhodes\n490 Persian Siege;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
Naxan Victory)\n490 Persian conque;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
quest of Paros\n490 Persian sackin;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ing of Eretria\n490 Themistocles a;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
uns with news.\n490 Taras defeats;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ians in battle\n488 Akragas is ove;488;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Theron\n486 Himera is over;486;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Terillus\n485 Gelon annexes;485;bc-y;;;;<br />
iven to Hieron\n484 Kamarina is de;484;bc-y;;;;<br />
royed by Gelon\n484 Aeschylus, Ath;484;bc-y;;;;<br />
City Dionysia.\n483 Megara Hyblaea;483;bc-y;;;;<br />
royed by Gelon\n483 Theron puts hi;483;bc-y;;;;<br />
as his vassal\n481 Andros, Aegina;481;bc-y;;;;<br />
ance to Persia\n481 The Naxos, Mil;481;bc-y;;;;<br />
e (480–323 BC)\n480 Aegina and And;480;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ellenic League\n480 Emporion ousts;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian influences\n480 Leonidas, Spar;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Persians.\n480 Croton, Leucas;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ellenic League\n480 Simultaneous w;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Artemisium.\n480 Boeotia, Attic;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Persia\n480 Battle of Sala;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
ind Mardonius.\n480 Possibly simul;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
(Thrasydaeus)\n479 Pausanias, Gre;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Plataea.\n479 Battle of Myca;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Mycale\n479 Rhodes, Samos,;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
e independence\n479 Paros is vassa;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ized by Athens\n479 Athens annexes;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Tenedos\n479 Sestos is besi;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n479 Boeotian Leagu;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
ellenic League\n479 Sicel Ducetius;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
erthrows Miniu\n478 Byzantium is b;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n478 Delian League;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd many others\n478 Gelon dies and;478;bc-y;;;;<br />
ontrol of Gela\n477 The Persian Em;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
iskus and Eion\n477 Chalcedon, Byz;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n477 Andros is turn;477;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian cleurchy\n476 Micythus becom;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
naxilas' death\n476 Catania is spl;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
t Deinmenes II\n476 Taras allies w;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
them in battle\n476 Himera is sett;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
oric colonists\n476 Sybaris declar;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Kroton\n476–462 Cimon elec;476;bc-y;;;;<br />
rom Kroton\n476–462 Cimon elected;462;bc-y;;;;<br />
eral each year\n475 Sybaris is ann;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Kroton\n475 Abdera and Eio;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n475 Skyros is anne;475;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n474 Battle of Cuma;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Cumae\n474 Naxos joins th;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n474 Hieron occupie;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
nopean Islands\n474 Pindar, Greek;474;bc-y;;;;<br />
at Syracuse@.\n473 Taras is defea;473;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n472 Thrasydaeus an;472;bc-y;;;;<br />
eath of Theron\n471 Naxos leaves t;471;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n471 Themistocles o;471;bc-y;;;;<br />
es ostracized.\n470 Dénia, Hēmeros;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
ana in Latin).\n470 Naxos is impre;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n470 Ducetius annex;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Ergezio\n470 The new urban;470;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Cumae\n469 Illios is anne;469;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Mytilene\n469 Klazomenai, Ph;469;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n468 Thrasydaeus is;468;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Akragas\n468 Sophocles, Gre;468;bc-y;;;;<br />
ize for drama.\n467 Micythus steps;467;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn to Leophron\n466 Taras is defea;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n466 Taras' monarch;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by democrats\n466 Thrasybulos su;466;bc-y;;;;<br />
ucceeds Hieron\n465 Thasus leaves;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n465 Abydos and Tro;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n465 Thracian Chern;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n465 Deinmenes II,;465;bc-y;;;;<br />
pective cities\n463 Thasus is impr;463;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n462 Megara leaves;462;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n461 Catania, Naxos;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
d from Catania\n461 Kamarina is re;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
nny of Psaumis\n461 Cimon ostraciz;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
on ostracized.\n461 Thera joins th;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n461 Messene and Rh;461;bc-y;;;;<br />
oust Leophron\n460 Taras defeats;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Iapygians\n460 Aetna is found;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
tna is founded\n460 First Peloponn;460;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian War Starts\n459 Aegina is besi;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n459: Morgantina is;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n459-455 Siege of M;459;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Ducetius\n459-455 Siege of Memph;455;bc-y;;;;<br />
t by Megabyzus\n458 Imbros is anne;458;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n457 Aegina is impr;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n457 Delphi is anne;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Phocis\n457 Pericles, Athe;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
rse and atoms.\n457 Boeotia (Excep;457;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n456 Gythium is rai;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
ided by Athens\n456 Zakynthos join;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n456 Castrugiuvanni;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
join Ducetius\n456 Aeschylus dies;456;bc-y;;;;<br />
eschylus dies.\n455 Nafpaktos is i;455;bc-y;;;;<br />
ssenian Helots\n454 Abacaenum is a;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n454 Movement of De;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian Empire\n454 Athenian annex;454;bc-y;;;;<br />
ation of Delos\n453 Palike is foun;453;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n452 Akragas and Ae;452;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Motyon\n452 Nea Sybaris is;452;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Sybarites\n451 Athens besiege;451;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Kition\n451 Motyon is occu;451;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n450 Naxos becomes;450;bc-y;;;;<br />
mes a cleurchy\n450 Akragas and Mo;450;bc-y;;;;<br />
and the Sicels\n449 Delphi declare;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Phocis\n449 Ducetius aband;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
ile at Korinth\n449 Morgantina is;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed Syracuse\n449 Herodotus, Gre;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
rsian War from 490 to 479.\n448 De;490;bc-y;;;;<br />
ar from 490 to 479.\n448 Delphi is;479;bc-y;;;;<br />
om 490 to 479.\n448 Delphi is anne;448;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Phocis\n447 Ictinus and Ca;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Parthenon.\n447 Nea Sybaris is;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Kroton\n447 Chalcis leaves;447;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n446 Phocis, Locris;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n446 Megara joins t;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n446 Kale Akte is f;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Ducetius\n446 Achaea and Tro;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n446-445 Euboean Re;446;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian League\n446-445 Euboean Revolt;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
Euboean Revolt\n445 Euboea is impr;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n445 Histiaea becom;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian cleurchy\n445 First Peloponn;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
esian War Ends\n445 Troezen is imp;445;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n443 Thurii is foun;443;bc-y;;;;<br />
rious Hellenes\n441 Euripides, Gre;441;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian prize.\n441 Sybaris on the;441;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed from Thurii\n440 Samos leaves t;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n440 Palike is dest;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
cel Federation\n440 Ducetius dies;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ducetius dies\n439 Samos is impre;439;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n438 Founding of th;438;bc-y;;;;<br />
an Kingdom[00]\n437 Newly founded;437;bc-y;;;;<br />
s annexes Eion\n437 Athens allies;437;bc-y;;;;<br />
with Messapia\n436 Taulantii-Epid;436;bc-y;;;;<br />
i-Epidamos War\n435 Phidias, Greek;435;bc-y;;;;<br />
of the world.\n434 Epidamos becom;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
es a democracy\n434 Epidamos is an;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n434 Kerkyra allies;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
siege Epidamos\n434 Kerkyra seizes;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
pidamos (City)\n434 Battle of Leuk;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Leukimme\n434 Kerkyra raids;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
raids Kyllene\n434 Kerkyra joins;434;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n433 Battle of Sybo;433;bc-y;;;;<br />
ttle of Sybota\n433 Anactorium is;433;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Korinth\n432 Psaumis dies\n4;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
2 Psaumis dies\n432 Potidaea leave;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n432 Pydna is besie;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n432 End of "Golden;432;bc-y;;;;<br />
Age" of Athens\n431 Sparta command;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
ponnesian War.\n431 Plataea is bes;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Thebes\n431 Pagae and Atal;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Athens\n431 Aegina is anne;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n431 Empedocles, Gr;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
Temperaments.\n430 Athens abandon;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Pydna\n430 Herakleion is;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n430 Spartan Siege;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
Local Victory)\n430 Failed peace m;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
no prisoners.\n430 Leucippus, Gre;430;bc-y;;;;<br />
ins in Athens.\n429 Herakleion is;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Macedonia\n429 Potidaea is im;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n429 All Chalkidiki;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n429 Athens Siege o;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Local Victory)\n429 Phormio, Athen;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
Chalcis/Rhium.\n429 Pericles dies;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
bonic plague@.\n429 Hippocrates, G;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
hysical cause.\n429 First Battle o;429;bc-y;;;;<br />
enian Victory)\n428 Plato born.\n42;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
28 Plato born.\n428 Mytilene and A;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Methymna\n428 Illios joins t;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n427 Suppression of;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
pendent cities\n427 Archidamus II;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
lague returns.\n427 Plataea is imp;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n427 Aristophanes,;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian Prize.\n427 Corcyran Civil;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
ratic Victory)\n427 First Athenian;427;bc-y;;;;<br />
Sicily begins\n426 Megara occupie;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
occupies Pegae\n426 Athens sieges;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
s sieges Lecus\n426 Pylos, Messene;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
escaped Helots\n426 Battle of Tana;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Tanagra\n426 Amfissa joins;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n426 Ozolian Locris;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n426 Demosthenes, A;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
rely succeeds.\n426 Ambrakia occup;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
lpae and Argos\n426 Acarnanian Lea;426;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n425 Acarnania occu;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
lpae and Argos\n425 Athenian fleet;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
icias resigns.\n425 Herakleion is;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n425 Athens occupie;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
ies Sphacteria\n425 Morgantina is;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Kamarina\n425 Ozolian Locris;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n425 Athens withdra;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Acarnania\n425 Athens withdra;425;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n424 Herakleion is;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n424 Eion, Akanthus;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n424 Stagira joins;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n424 Nisaia, and Si;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Athenai\n424 Thyrea is occu;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Athens\n424 First Athenian;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
in Sicily ends\n424 Pagondas of Th;424;bc-y;;;;<br />
arriving late.\n423 Sparta occupie;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
lis and Scione\n423 Torone is occu;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n423 Akanthus joins;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n423 Truce of Lache;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
taking Mende@.\n423 Olynthus form;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n422 Stagira is bes;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n422 Neapolis is an;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Rome\n422 Torone and Sci;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n422 Cleon meets Br;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Amphipolis).\n422 Syracuse annex;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
weak Leontini\n421 Peace of Nicia;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
arta alliance.\n421 Herakleion is;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n421 Cumae is annex;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Oscans\n421 Athens abandon;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Stagira\n421 Delphi declare;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce from Phocis\n421 Argulus, Apoll;421;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n420 Mantineia, Arg;420;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n419 Athens occupie;419;bc-y;;;;<br />
pies Epidauros\n419 King Agis II o;419;bc-y;;;;<br />
makes treaty.\n418 Battle of Mant;418;bc-y;;;;<br />
lliance ended.\n418 Orchmenos is o;418;bc-y;;;;<br />
upied by Argos\n417 Orchmenos is g;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
ven to Boeotia\n417 Sicyon joins t;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n417 Epidauros is o;417;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Sparta\n416 Melos is besie;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n416 Alcibiades mak;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
ored to power.\n416 Selinus annexe;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
tier provinces\n416 Massacre of th;416;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Melians.\n415 Hermai statues;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
cts to Sparta.\n415 Many Syracusan;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
n cities rebel\n415–413 Siege of S;415;bc-y;;;;<br />
ties rebel\n415–413 Siege of Syrac;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ge of Syracuse\n414-413 Metapontio;414;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Syracuse\n414-413 Metapontion al;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
es with Athens\n414 Lamachus, Athe;414;bc-y;;;;<br />
d at Syracuse.\n413 Nicias and Dem;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed at Syracuse\n413 Leontini and K;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n413 Herakleion is;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n413 Miletus and Kh;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n412 Alcibiades is;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
ack to Athens.\n412 Methymna is oc;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Sparta\n412 Klazomenai and;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n412 Chios is siege;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n412 Aygrion dies a;412;bc-y;;;;<br />
eded by Aygris\n411 Sparta allies;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
es with Persia\n411 Aspendos is an;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n411 Kyzikus and Kl;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n411 Oropos is occu;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Boeotia\n411 Illios is anne;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
s by Lampsacus\n411 Athens abandon;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Chios\n411 Sparta leaves;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaves Methymna\n411 Euboea, Byzant;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n411 Abydos is over;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Dercylidas\n411 Selinus attack;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
vates Carthage\n411 Athens is over;411;bc-y;;;;<br />
e Four Hundred\n410 After several;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
peace offers.\n410 Segesta is ann;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n410 Four Hundred a;410;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Athens\n409 Antandrus is a;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n409 Abydos is besi;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Athens\n409 Sparta sieges;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
ges Klazomenai\n409 Selinus and Hi;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n409 Byzantium reca;409;bc-y;;;;<br />
es for Athens.\n408 The 3 poleis o;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
l called Rodos\n408 Athens besiege;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
eges Paleopoli\n408 Athens abandon;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
iege of Abydos\n408 Sparta abandon;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Klazomenai\n408 Alcibiades ree;408;bc-y;;;;<br />
lt at Ephesus.\n407 Thermae is fou;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n407 Athens abandon;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
e of Paleopoli\n407 Lysander begin;407;bc-y;;;;<br />
pped of power.\n406 Sparta sieges;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
ieges Methymna\n406 Akragas is sac;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n406 Callicratides,;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Cleophon.\n405 Methymna is im;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n405 Syracuse is ov;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
sius the Elder\n405 Melos is annex;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Sparta\n405 Gela, Kamarina;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n405 Carthage allow;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
d their cities\n405 Leontini and M;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n405 Carthage annex;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ican territory\n405 The naval Batt;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
ion of Athens.\n405 Klazomenai and;405;bc-y;;;;<br />
n independence\n404 Athens capitul;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
es are killed.\n404 Delian League;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
e is dissolved\n404 Korinth leaves;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n404 Entella is ove;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
al to Carthage\n404 Aygris becomes;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
acusan Subject\n404 Nafpaktos is a;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
Ozolian Locris\n404 Athens is over;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
by the Thirty\n404 Athens joins t;404;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n403 Aeimnestus, wh;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
Castrugiuvanni\n403 Aetna is overt;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n403 Dionysius dest;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n403 Athens overthr;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
ows the Thirty\n403 Athens leaves;403;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n402 Elis leaves th;402;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n401 Euboea joins t;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n401 Elis is sacked;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n401 Dionysius free;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
rom Aeimnestus\n401 Poseidonia is;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Lucanians\n401 Thucydides, Gr;401;bc-y;;;;<br />
onnesian War).\n400 @A@dranon is f;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n400 Aygris annexes;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
xes C@enturipe\n400 Democritus, Gr;400;bc-y;;;;<br />
out of nothing\n399 Illios declare;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Lampsacus\n399 Sparta sways P;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
a and siege it\n399 Socrates, Gree;399;bc-y;;;;<br />
rupting youth.\n398 Ionia joins th;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n398 All Carthagini;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Carthage\n398 Dionysius sieg;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
ta and Entella\n398 Mainland terri;398;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n397 Motya is destr;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
to replace it\n397 Dionysius aban;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
la and Segesta\n397 Eryx, Segesta,;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n397 Carthage allie;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
except Assorus\n397 Tauormenion is;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
tled by Sicels\n397 Carthaginian f;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
to an eruption\n397 Catania is occ;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n397 Battle of Cata;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Catania\n397 Syracuse is be;397;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n396 Carthage lifts;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
ene and Lipari\n396 Himera and Sel;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n396 Gela, Ergezio,;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n396 Tyndaris is fo;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
of operations\n396 Persia annexes;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Rodos\n396 Sparta campaig;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
gns in Phrygia\n395 Sparta campaig;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
h up to Sardis\n395 Orchmenus leav;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n395 C@ephaloedium;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n395 Mylae is annex;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
xed by Rhegion\n395 Argos, Korinth;395;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n394 Sparta withdra;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Anatolia\n394 All Thracian a;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
os and Abydos)\n394 Virtually all;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n394 Klazomenaites;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
land off shore\n394 Mylae is annex;394;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n393 Lipari is anne;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n393 Italiote Leagu;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
gium and Velia\n393 Imbros, Lemnos;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Athens\n393 Makedonia star;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
om of Dardania\n393 Chalcidian Lea;393;bc-y;;;;<br />
akedonian land\n392 Sparta occupie;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Lechaeum\n392 Heraclea Minoa;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n392 Sicel territor;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n392 Makedonia stop;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
te to Dardania\n392 Makedonia rean;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n392 Damastion is a;392;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Dardania\n391 Korinth occupi;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
ccupies Phlius\n391 Tauromenion is;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
l to Dionysius\n391 Makedonia star;391;bc-y;;;;<br />
te to Dardania\n390 The Acarnanian;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n390 Dercylidas is;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Anaxibios\n390 Himera is merg;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
d into Thermae\n390 Dionysius tran;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
lae to Messene\n390 Kroton is anne;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n390 Argos and Kori;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
Argos-Korinth\n390 Castrugiuvani;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n389 Metapontion is;389;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n389 Anaxibios is o;389;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Abydos\n387 Rhegion is ann;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
it to Phoebea\n387 Peace of Antal;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Persia\n387 Ancona is foun;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
eaning "elbow"\n387 Argos and Kori;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
Korinth split\n387 All cities gai;387;bc-y;;;;<br />
are disbanded\n386 Phlius becomes;386;bc-y;;;;<br />
es a democracy\n385 Dardania attac;385;bc-y;;;;<br />
tacks Molossia\n385 The Greeks col;385;bc-y;;;;<br />
Croatia).[00]\n384 Dionysius occu;384;bc-y;;;;<br />
yrgi and Caere\n384 Chalcidian Lea;384;bc-y;;;;<br />
ncluding Pella\n383 Gela gains ind;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n383 Dionysius leav;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
leaves Eturia\n383 Liburnia besie;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Pharos\n383 Potidaea leave;383;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n382 Thebes is over;382;bc-y;;;;<br />
es and Archias\n382 Thebes is impr;382;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n380 Sparta besiege;380;bc-y;;;;<br />
esieges Phlius\n380 Makedonia reca;380;bc-y;;;;<br />
rmer territory\n379 Kroton is anne;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Dionysius\n379 Phlius is impr;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n379 The Chalcidian;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
oin the league\n379 Leontiades and;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnesian League\n379 Sparta occupie;379;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Thespiae\n378 Themison overt;378;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Eretria\n377 The Boeotian L;377;bc-y;;;;<br />
nded by Thebes\n376 Abdera is sack;376;bc-y;;;;<br />
i and Maroneia\n376 Thespiae and t;376;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n375 The Acarnanian;375;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n375 Chalcidian Lea;375;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n373 Kerkyra is bes;373;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Sparta\n371 Sparta leaves;371;bc-y;;;;<br />
leaves Kerkyra\n370 Gythium is occ;370;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Thebes\n370 Heraclea Sinti;370;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n369 Korinth is ove;369;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Timophanes\n368 Aetolian Leagu;368;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue is founded\n367 Daparria is an;367;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Dardania\n367 Kroton is anne;367;bc-y;;;;<br />
ruttian League\n366 Opus[disambigu;366;bc-y;;;;<br />
lp of Themison\n365 Opus requests;365;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n364 Timophanes is;364;bc-y;;;;<br />
s assassinated\n364 Orchmenus leav;364;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Thebes\n363 Orchmenus is i;363;bc-y;;;;<br />
oeotian League\n363 Pydna is impre;363;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n362 Themison dies;362;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Plutarch\n361 Potidaea and T;361;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian Cluerchies\n360 Tauromenion ov;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Andromache\n360 Illios is over;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
by Charidemos\n360 Abydos is over;360;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Iphiades\n359 Charidemos is;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
rown by Illios\n359 Dardania annex;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
pper Macedonia\n359 Archelaus anne;359;bc-y;;;;<br />
egae and Pydna\n358 Archelaus is a;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n358 Macedonia rean;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Dardania\n358 Makedonia anne;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Paeonia\n357 Social War Sta;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
ial War Starts\n357 Kos, Khios, Ro;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n357 Makedonia anne;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
and Amphipolis\n357 Dionysius II i;357;bc-y;;;;<br />
thrown by Dion\n356 Phocis annexes;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
annexes Delphi\n356 Locris is anne;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Dionysius II\n356 Lemnos, Samos;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n356 Makedonia anne;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
th Makedonians\n356 Makedonian bor;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
n Nestus river\n356 Potidaea and A;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
lcidian League\n356 Makedonia besi;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Methone\n356 Lokros is over;356;bc-y;;;;<br />
y Dionysius II\n355 Social War End;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
ocial War Ends\n355 Argolas is bes;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
eged by Phocis\n355 Dion is overth;355;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Callipus\n354 Methone and Ab;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n354 Phocis abandon;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
ege of Argolas\n354 Thessaly is va;354;bc-y;;;;<br />
ized by Phocis\n353 Catania is ann;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Callipus\n353 Makedonia occu;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
cupied Pagasae\n353 Thessaly is va;353;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n352 Callipus is ov;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
keeps Catania)\n352 Nicodemus over;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
ows C@enturipe\n352 Orchmenus and;352;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Phocis\n351 Rhegion is ann;351;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Callipus\n350 Akanthos is an;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n350 Nice (Nicaea);350;bc-y;;;;<br />
ss of victory.\n350 Hipparinos is;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Aretaeus\n350 Mamercus ousts;350;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Catania\n349 Plutarch is ex;349;bc-y;;;;<br />
d from Eretria\n349 Aretaeus is ov;349;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Nysaios\n348 Stagira is ann;348;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n348 Callipus is ov;348;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Leptines\n347 Leontini is ov;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
own by Hicetas\n347 Plato, Greek p;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
Academy, dies.\n347 Methymna is ov;347;bc-y;;;;<br />
wn by Kleommis\n346 Phocis withdra;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Boeotia\n346 Dionysius II l;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Nysaios\n346 Lyttos is besi;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
ged by Knossos\n346 Makedonia occu;346;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Thessaly\n345 Makedonia with;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
e and Antikyra\n345 Grabaei become;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
l of Macedonia\n345 Hicetas sieges;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
se's territory\n345 The Pro-Makedo;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
throws Eretria\n345 Mainland Syrac;345;bc-y;;;;<br />
ysius' control\n344 Macedonia occu;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexes Tenedos\n344 Siege of Lytto;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
ted by Knossos\n344 Knossos besieg;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
sieges Kydonia\n344 Hicetas is rep;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
from Syracuse\n344 Timoleon takes;344;bc-y;;;;<br />
de the citadel\n343 Messene is reb;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
lp of Timoleon\n343 Timoleon annex;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
es the citadel\n343 Siege of Kydon;343;bc-y;;;;<br />
ted by Knossos\n342 Rhegion is fre;342;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n342 Aristotle, Gre;342;bc-y;;;;<br />
ip of Macedon.\n341 Hipparchus is;341;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian league\n341 Samothrace is;341;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n340 Antipolis (mod;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
Massilia.[00]\n340 Skyros is anne;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n340 Entella is fre;340;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n339 Elateia is occ;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n339 Agyris and Aet;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n339 Nicaea is occu;339;bc-y;;;;<br />
ied by Boeotia\n338 Amphissa is an;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
exed by Delphi\n338 Thyrea is anne;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
nexed by Argos\n338 Mamercus dies;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
Mamercus dies\n338 Cumae is annex;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
nnexed by Rome\n338 Leontini is fr;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Timoleon\n338 Nafpaktos join;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
etolian League\n338 King Philip II;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
338 BC/337 BC.\n337 Amfissa declar;337;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
ce from Delphi\n336 Timoleon dies;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
Timoleon dies\n336 Lesbos is anne;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
d by Makedonia\n336 Alexander succ;336;bc-y;;;;<br />
as of Orestis.\n334 Andromache die;334;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Syracuse\n334 Battle of the;334;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Granicus\n333 Saminum is occ;333;bc-y;;;;<br />
pied by Epirus\n333 Alexander defe;333;bc-y;;;;<br />
s III escapes.\n332 Epirus occupie;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
a and Sipontum\n332 Siege of Tyre;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Tyre\n332 Siege of Gaza;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
Siege of Gaza\n332 Alexander conq;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
onquers Egypt.\n332 Alexandria is;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
nder the Great\n331 Epirus occupie;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
upies Cosentia\n331 Battle of Pand;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Pandosia\n331 Gerasa (Jordan;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
onian veterans\n331 at Battle of G;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
rsian Empire@.\n331 Alexander the;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
ers in Babylon\n331 Tauromenion is;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
ed by Carthage\n331 Battle of the;331;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Susa, Iran)\n330 Sparta joins t;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
gue of Corinth\n330 Battle of the;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
(modern Iran)\n330-325 Pytheas ma;330;bc-y;;;;<br />
dern Iran)\n330-325 Pytheas makes;325;bc-y;;;;<br />
e is a record.\n329 Siege of Cyrop;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
e of Cyropolis\n329 Battle of Jaxa;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
le of Jaxartes\n329 Alexander conq;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd, Uzbekistan\n329 Alexander the;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
ern Tajikistan\n329-160 Dayuan Kin;329;bc-y;;;;<br />
Tajikistan\n329-160 Dayuan Kingdom;160;bc-y;;;;<br />
n Kingdom.[00]\n328 Sybaris on the;328;bc-y;;;;<br />
ruttian League\n327 Oenidae is imp;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
etolian League\n327 Under the comm;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
llenic control\n327 Alexander inva;327;bc-y;;;;<br />
her eastwards.\n326 Battle of the;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Hydaspes\n326 Samos joins th;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
Delian League\n326 Alexandria Buc;326;bc-y;;;;<br />
rse Bucephalus\n325 Nearchus servi;325;bc-y;;;;<br />
Bahrain).[00]\n324 Kroton is over;324;bc-y;;;;<br />
n by Menedemus\n324 Charax Spasinu;324;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce (323–30 BC)\n323 King Alexander;323;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
f the Diadochi\n322–320 First War;322;bc-y;;;;<br />
e Diadochi\n322–320 First War of;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
the Diadochi.\n320 Partition of T;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
f Triparadisus\n320–311 Second Wa;320;bc-y;;;;<br />
iparadisus\n320–311 Second War of;311;bc-y;;;;<br />
f the Diadochi\n316 Menander, Gree;316;bc-y;;;;<br />
thenian prize.\n312–63 Seleucid Em;312;bc-y;;;;<br />
eleucid Empire\n310 Zeno of Citium;310;bc-y;;;;<br />
ool in Athens.\n310 Battle of Whit;310;bc-y;;;;<br />
unis, Tunisia)\n307 Epicurus found;307;bc-y;;;;<br />
ool in Athens.\n305–30 Ptolemaic K;305;bc-y;;;;<br />
lemaic Kingdom\n305 Seleucia, also;305;bc-y;;;;<br />
ucus I Nicator\n301 Battle of Ipsu;301;bc-y;;;;<br />
attle of Ipsus\n300 Antioch, is fo;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
ther Antiochus\n300 Euclid, Greek;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
an algorithm).\n295 Athens falls t;295;bc-y;;;;<br />
chares killed.\n282–133 Kingdom of;282;bc-y;;;;<br />
es killed.\n282–133 Kingdom of Per;133;bc-y;;;;<br />
om of Pergamon\n281 Creation of t;281;bc-y;;;;<br />
Achaean League\n280 The Greek colo;280;bc-y;;;;<br />
rn day Split).\n280–275 Pyrrhic Wa;280;bc-y;;;;<br />
ay Split).\n280–275 Pyrrhic War\n27;275;bc-y;;;;<br />
75 Pyrrhic War\n279 Gallic invasio;279;bc-y;;;;<br />
of the Balkans\n274–271 First Syri;274;bc-y;;;;<br />
he Balkans\n274–271 First Syrian W;271;bc-y;;;;<br />
rst Syrian War\n267–262 Chremonide;267;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n267–262 Chremonidean W;262;bc-y;;;;<br />
remonidean War\n265 Archimedes, Gr;265;bc-y;;;;<br />
gral calculus.\n260–253 Second Syr;260;bc-y;;;;<br />
calculus.\n260–253 Second Syrian;253;bc-y;;;;<br />
ond Syrian War\n256–125 Greco-Bact;256;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n256–125 Greco-Bactrian;125;bc-y;;;;<br />
ctrian Kingdom\n246–241 Third Syri;246;bc-y;;;;<br />
an Kingdom\n246–241 Third Syrian W;241;bc-y;;;;<br />
ird Syrian War\n235 Tanais (Rostov;235;bc-y;;;;<br />
s from Miletus\n220 Euthydemus I o;220;bc-y;;;;<br />
the West.[00]\n219–217 Fourth Syr;219;bc-y;;;;<br />
West.[00]\n219–217 Fourth Syrian;217;bc-y;;;;<br />
rth Syrian War\n214–205 First Mace;214;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n214–205 First Macedoni;205;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n203–200 Fifth Syri;203;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n203–200 Fifth Syrian W;200;bc-y;;;;<br />
fth Syrian War\n200–196 Second Mac;200;bc-y;;;;<br />
Syrian War\n200–196 Second Macedon;196;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n192–188 Roman–Syri;192;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n192–188 Roman–Syrian W;188;bc-y;;;;<br />
man–Syrian War\n180–10 AD Indo-Gre;180;bc-y;;;;<br />
-Greek Kingdom\n172–167 Third Mace;172;bc-y;;;;<br />
ek Kingdom\n172–167 Third Macedoni;167;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n170–168 Sixth Syri;170;bc-y;;;;<br />
donian War\n170–168 Sixth Syrian W;168;bc-y;;;;<br />
in his honour.\n150–148 Fourth Mac;150;bc-y;;;;<br />
is honour.\n150–148 Fourth Macedon;148;bc-y;;;;<br />
Macedonian War\n146 Battle of Cori;146;bc-y;;;;<br />
tle of Corinth\n30 Death of Ptole;30;bc-y;;;;<br />
Template:Ancient Greece topics<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=HistoryTimelineLayer:Yuan_emperors&diff=5723HistoryTimelineLayer:Yuan emperors2024-02-01T16:01:01Z<p>Karen: Reverted edits by 127.0.0.1 (talk) to last revision by imported>Karen</p>
<hr />
<div>colors:<br />
#2d6315<br />
sources:<br />
List of Yuan emperors<br />
events:<br />
Genghis Khan;;;;04.1206;08.18.1227;<br />
Tolui;;;;08.25.1227;09.13.1229;<br />
Ögedei Khan;;;;09.13.1229;12.11.1241;<br />
Güyük Khan;;;;08.24.1246;04.20.1248;<br />
Möngke Khan;;;;07.01.1251;08.11.1259;<br />
Kublai Khan;;;;05.05.1260;02.18.1294;<br />
Temür Khan;;;;05.10.1294;02.10.1307;<br />
Külüg Khan;;;;06.21.1307;01.27.1311;<br />
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan;;;;04.07.1311;03.01.1320;<br />
Gegeen Khan;;;;04.19.1320;09.04.1323;<br />
Yesün Temür;Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty);;;10.04.1323;08.15.1328;<br />
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür;;;;10.16.1328;04.03.1329;<br />
Ragibagh Khan;;;;10.1328;11.14.1328;<br />
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür;;;;09.08.1329;09.02.1332;<br />
Khutughtu Khan Kusala;;;;02.27.1329;08.30.1329;<br />
Rinchinbal Khan;;;;10.23.1332;12.14.1332;<br />
Toghon Temür;;;;07.19.1333;1368;<br />
[[Category:History Timeline Page]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugurthine_War&diff=5722Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugurthine War2024-01-20T15:23:07Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
c War, died in 149, and was succe;149;bc-y;;;;<br />
cted consul in 107. Metellus was,;107;bc-y;;;;<br />
a to Marius in 107. This was sign;107;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians&diff=5718Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians2024-01-13T22:10:08Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
Pontic steppe (600-c. 200 BC)Loca;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
steppe (600-c. 200 BC)LocationC@entr;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
entury BC - c. 200 BC)Common languag;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ia by Medes c. 600 BC• Persian invas;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
oyed around c. 800 BC, and the c@ent;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
0][00]\nBetween 650 and 625 BC, th;650;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 650 and 625 BC, the Pontic Sc;625 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
the end of the 7th c@entury onwar;7th;bc-c;;;;<br />
inated between 650 and 600 BC for;650;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 650 and 600 BC for the needs;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
g in the later 7th and lasting th;7th;bc-c;;2.1.1.1;;<br />
edes around c. 600 BC@.[000][000] On;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
er. Epiktetos, 520–500 BC.[000]\nR;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Epiktetos, 520–500 BC.[000]\nRed-figu;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thian warrior, 480-470 BC, from A;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
n warrior, 480-470 BC, from Athens\nA;470 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
g in the later 7th and lasting th;7th;bc-c;;2.2.1.1;;<br />
aucasia around 600 BC,[00] and from;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
itopol kurgan (340-320 BC)\nScythi;340;bc-i;;;;<br />
ol kurgan (340-320 BC)\nScythian swor;320 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
the course of 550 and 500 BC and;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
rse of 550 and 500 BC and were absor;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thians between 550 and 525 BC, an;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 550 and 525 BC, and, owing to;525 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
s.[00] Between 450 and 400 BC, Ke;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 450 and 400 BC, Kerkinitis wa;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thia around c. 400 BC, which destabi;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 425 and 400 BC, an;425;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 425 and 400 BC, and the citie;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Crimea, around 350 BC he had also pe;350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 220 and 200 BC, re;220;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 220 and 200 BC, records that;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ingdom.\nAround 200 BC, after their f;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
– from the mid-8th or the late 7t;8th;bc-c;;;;<br />
ry BC to about 500 BC\nClassical Scyt;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n – from about 500 BC to about 300 B;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
00 BC to about 300 BC\nLate Scythian;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n – from about 200 BC to the mid-3rd;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Asia around c. 600 BC@.[00]\n\nGoldsmi;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
sting from the 6th to 3rd c@entur;6th;bc-c;;;;<br />
rom the 6th to 3rd c@enturies, th;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
e arrowheads, c700-300 BC\nThe mai;700;bc-i;;;;<br />
rowheads, c700-300 BC\nThe main Scyth;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 435 and 400 BC, af;435;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 435 and 400 BC, after which t;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
by Epiktetos, 520–500 BC \nThe Sc;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Epiktetos, 520–500 BC \nThe Scythians;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
from about the eight c@entury B.C.";eight;bc-c;;;8;<br />
eight c@entury B.C."\nRice, Tamara; B.C.;bc-r;;;;<br />
The Sarmatians 600 BC–AD 450. Blooms;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
he Barbarians, 100 B.C.–A.D. 400. Balt;100 B.C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
The Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloom;700;bc-i;;;;<br />
Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloomsbury P;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250.;700 B. C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
mperial China (1,500 – 221 BC)". In;1,500;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians&diff=5717Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians2024-01-13T22:04:37Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
Pontic steppe (600-c. 200 BC)Loca;600;bc-i;;;;<br />
steppe (600-c. 200 BC)LocationC@entr;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
entury BC - c. 200 BC)Common languag;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ia by Medes c. 600 BC• Persian invas;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
oyed around c. 800 BC, and the c@ent;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
0][00]\nBetween 650 and 625 BC, th;650;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 650 and 625 BC, the Pontic Sc;625 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
the end of the 7th c@entury onwar;7th;bc-c;;;;<br />
inated between 650 and 600 BC for;650;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 650 and 600 BC for the needs;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
edes around c. 600 BC@.[000][000] On;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
er. Epiktetos, 520–500 BC.[000]\nR;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Epiktetos, 520–500 BC.[000]\nRed-figu;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thian warrior, 480-470 BC, from A;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
n warrior, 480-470 BC, from Athens\nA;470 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
aucasia around 600 BC,[00] and from;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
the course of 550 and 500 BC and;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
rse of 550 and 500 BC and were absor;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thians between 550 and 525 BC, an;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 550 and 525 BC, and, owing to;525 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
s.[00] Between 450 and 400 BC, Ke;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 450 and 400 BC, Kerkinitis wa;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
thia around c. 400 BC, which destabi;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 425 and 400 BC, an;425;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 425 and 400 BC, and the citie;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Crimea, around 350 BC he had also pe;350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 220 and 200 BC, re;220;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 220 and 200 BC, records that;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ingdom.\nAround 200 BC, after their f;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
– from the mid-8th or the late 7t;8th;bc-c;;;;<br />
ry BC to about 500 BC\nClassical Scyt;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n – from about 500 BC to about 300 B;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
00 BC to about 300 BC\nLate Scythian;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n – from about 200 BC to the mid-3rd;200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Asia around c. 600 BC@.[00]\n\nGoldsmi;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
sting from the 6th to 3rd c@entur;6th;bc-c;;;;<br />
rom the 6th to 3rd c@enturies, th;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
e arrowheads, c700-300 BC\nThe mai;700;bc-i;;;;<br />
rowheads, c700-300 BC\nThe main Scyth;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
metime between 435 and 400 BC, af;435;bc-i;;;;<br />
etween 435 and 400 BC, after which t;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
by Epiktetos, 520–500 BC \nThe Sc;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Epiktetos, 520–500 BC \nThe Scythians;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
from about the eight c@entury B.C.";eight;bc-c;;;8;<br />
eight c@entury B.C."\nRice, Tamara; B.C.;bc-r;;;;<br />
The Sarmatians 600 BC–AD 450. Blooms;600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
he Barbarians, 100 B.C.–A.D. 400. Balt;100 B.C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
The Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloom;700;bc-i;;;;<br />
Scythians 700–300 BC@. Bloomsbury P;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Civilizations, 700 B. C. to A. D. 250.;700 B. C.;bc-i;;;;<br />
mperial China (1,500 – 221 BC)". In;1,500;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Iran&diff=5716Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History of Iran2024-01-04T07:54:11Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
Ancient period BC Prehistory of;BC;bc-r;;;;<br />
Ancient Times–4000 Kura–Araxes cu;4000;bc-i;;;;<br />
Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Ela;3400;bc-i;;;;<br />
s culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite;2000;bc-i;;;;<br />
Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Jiroft cu;3200;bc-i;;;;<br />
o-Elamite 3200–2700 Jiroft culture;2700;bc-i;;;;<br />
oft culture c. 3100–2200 Lullubi K;3100;bc-i;;;;<br />
ulture c. 3100–2200 Lullubi Kingdo;2200;bc-i;;;;<br />
ngdom/Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–;3100;bc-i;;;;<br />
/Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–539;675;bc-y;;;;<br />
3100-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c.;2700;bc-i;;;;<br />
-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 255;539;bc-y;;;;<br />
539 Marhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civi;2550;bc-i;;;;<br />
arhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civilizat;2020;bc-y;;;;<br />
ivilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian;2400;bc-i;;;;<br />
zation c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empir;1700;bc-i;;;;<br />
kkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites;2400;bc-i;;;;<br />
an Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 15;2150;bc-i;;;;<br />
50 Kassites c. 1500 –1155 Neo-Assy;1500;bc-i;;;;<br />
sites c. 1500 –1155 Neo-Assyrian E;1155;bc-y;;;;<br />
ssyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860;911;bc-y;;;;<br />
ian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590;609;bc-y;;;;<br />
911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 85;860;bc-i;;;;<br />
609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–61;590;bc-y;;;;<br />
60–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 75;850;bc-i;;;;<br />
90 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750-52;616;bc-y;;;;<br />
50–616 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 72;750;bc-y;;;;<br />
16 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 720-67;521;bc-y;;;;<br />
50-521 Saparda 720-670\n\nshowImper;720;bc-y;;;;<br />
21 Saparda 720-670\n\nshowImperial;670;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]<br />
[[Category:Wikipedia templates]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pontifices_maximi&diff=5715Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of pontifices maximi2023-12-26T19:55:08Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
s Pulvillus[0]\n449: either Quintu;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
us Papirius[0]\n431: Aulus Corneli;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
was consul in 428[0]\n420: Spuriu;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
nsul in 428[0]\n420: Spurius Minuc;420;bc-y;;;;<br />
us Minucius[0]\n390: Marcus Folius;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
lar tribune in 433, although Plut;433;bc-y;;;;<br />
him Fabius[0]\n332: Publius Corne;332;bc-y;;;;<br />
ius Calussa[0]\n304: Cornelius (Sc;304;bc-y;;;;<br />
was consul in 328, or if his pra;328;bc-y;;;;<br />
the consul of 298[00]\nca. 254–24;298;bc-y;;;;<br />
of 298[00]\nca. 254–243: Tiberius;254;bc-y;;;;<br />
98[00]\nca. 254–243: Tiberius Coru;243;bc-y;;;;<br />
280 BC[00]\nca. 243–221: Lucius Ca;243;bc-y;;;;<br />
BC[00]\nca. 243–221: Lucius Caecil;221;bc-y;;;;<br />
s Metellus (d. 221), credited wit;221;bc-y;;;;<br />
esigned around 237[00]\n221–213: L;237;bc-y;;;;<br />
around 237[00]\n221–213: Lucius Co;221;bc-y;;;;<br />
nd 237[00]\n221–213: Lucius Cornel;213;bc-y;;;;<br />
s Caudinus (d. 213)[00]\n212–183:;213;bc-y;;;;<br />
s (d. 213)[00]\n212–183: Publius L;212;bc-y;;;;<br />
. 213)[00]\n212–183: Publius Licin;183;bc-y;;;;<br />
ssus Dives (d. 183)[00]\n183–180:;183;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
s (d. 183)[00]\n183–180: Gaius Ser;183;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
. 183)[00]\n183–180: Gaius Servili;180;bc-y;;;;<br />
us Geminus (d. 180)[00]\n180–152:;180;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
s (d. 180)[00]\n180–152: Marcus Ae;180;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
. 180)[00]\n180–152: Marcus Aemili;152;bc-y;;;;<br />
us Lepidus (d. 152)[00]\n152–150:;152;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
s (d. 152)[00]\n152–150: vacant\n15;152;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
. 152)[00]\n152–150: vacant\n150–14;150;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
52–150: vacant\n150–141: Publius C;150;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
50: vacant\n150–141: Publius Corne;141;bc-y;;;;<br />
a Corculum (d. 141)[00]\n141–132:;141;bc-y;;1.1.2.1;;<br />
m (d. 141)[00]\n141–132: Publius C;141;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
. 141)[00]\n141–132: Publius Corne;132;bc-y;;;;<br />
ca Serapio (d. 132), probably suc;132;bc-y;;;;<br />
tation needed]\n132–130: Publius L;132;bc-y;;;;<br />
on needed]\n132–130: Publius Licin;130;bc-y;;;;<br />
tation needed]\n130–late 114: Publ;130;bc-y;;;;<br />
eded]\n130–late 114: Publius Muciu;114;bc-y;;;;<br />
d]\nby December 114–103: Lucius Ca;114;bc-y;;;;<br />
y December 114–103: Lucius Caecil;103;bc-y;;;;<br />
stal trial[00]\n103–ca. 89: Gnaeus;103;bc-y;;;;<br />
al[00]\n103–ca. 89: Gnaeus Domiti;89;bc-y;;;;<br />
henobarbus (d. 88)[00]\nca. 89–82;88;bc-y;;;;<br />
d. 88)[00]\nca. 89–82: Quintus Mu;89;bc-y;;;;<br />
88)[00]\nca. 89–82: Quintus Muciu;82;bc-y;;;;<br />
s Scaevola (d. 82),[00] first Po;82;bc-y;;;;<br />
tation needed]\n82–63: Quintus Ca;82;bc-y;;;;<br />
ion needed]\n82–63: Quintus Caeci;63;bc-y;;;;<br />
ca 63 BC)[00]\n63–44: Julius Cae;63;bc-y;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
63 BC)[00]\n63–44: Julius Caesar;44;bc-y;;;;<br />
Isauricus[00]\n44–13: Marcus Aem;44;bc-y;;;;<br />
auricus[00]\n44–13: Marcus Aemili;13;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar&diff=5714Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar2023-12-15T22:01:48Z<p>Karen: /* Julius Caesar's constitutional framework {{bc-c|6th}} century ({{bc-y|600}}-{{bc-y|501}}) */</p>
<hr />
<div>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar on Wikipedia]<br />
{{Awaiting translation}}<br />
{{Roman government}}<br />
The '''constitutional reforms of [[Julius Caesar]]''' were a series of laws to the [[Constitution of the Roman Republic]] enacted between 49 and 44 BC, during Caesar's [[Roman dictator|dictatorship]]. Caesar was murdered in 44 BC before the implications of his constitutional actions could be realized.<br />
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==Julius Caesar's constitutional framework {{bc-c|6th}} century ({{bc-y|600}}-{{bc-y|501}})==<br />
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During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of accomplishing political goals. With a weak central government, political corruption had spiraled out of {{bc-c|13th|b}} control, and the status quo had been maintained by a corrupt aristocracy, which saw no need to change a system which had made all of its members quite rich.<br />
Date in book title {{bc-y|123 BC|t}}. Date in quote {{bc-y|234 BC|q}}.<br />
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ad was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted {{bc-y|20}}<br />
List example: 45, 35, 28 BC.<br />
[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
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yearRangeWithLeadingADPattern AD 120 - c. 300<br />
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yearRangeWithTrailingADPattern 121 - c. 301 AD<br />
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yearRangeWithLeadingCEPattern. CE 120 - c. 300<br />
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yearRangeWithTrailingCEPattern 122 - c. 302 CE<br />
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Testing BCD template: <br />
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{{bcd|y|100}} {{bcd|y|100|t}} {{bcd|y|100|t|101}} {{bcd|y|100||101}}<br />
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345{{r|MvsG5}} - 12 June/July 340{{r|MvsG5}} BC<br />
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11{{r|MvsG5}} - 12 July 348{{r|MvsG5}} BCE<br />
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11{{r|MvsG5}} or 12 July 348{{r|MvsG5}} BCE<br />
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456 - 345/344 BC<br />
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345/344 - 250 BC<br />
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(c.100 BC – 44 BC / Reigned 46 – 44 BC)<br />
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BC dates false positives:<br />
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234 BCSC<br />
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235 BCERE<br />
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236 CE<br />
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237 CED<br />
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4, 45, 35, 28 BC<br />
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Tests for Web extension:<br />
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44/43 <span class="text-smallcaps">bce</span><br />
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c.490-c.425 BCE<br />
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Maiden whom Philip married either in 339{{r|MvsG2}}/338{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 337{{r|MvsG4}}/336{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
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Maiden whom Philip married either in 439{{r|MvsG2}}/8{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 431{{r|MvsG4}}/0{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
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Maiden whom Philip married either in 439{{r|MvsG2}}/38{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 437{{r|MvsG4}}/36{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
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* [[Eratosthenes]] ({{circa|276|194/195&nbsp;BC|lk=on}}), a Greek mathematician who [[On the measure of the Earth|calculated]] the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun.<br />
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6550/40 - 5430/20 BC<br />
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anotherr year {{bc-ig|123{{nbsp}}BC}}<br />
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ignoring {{bc-ig|13th}} century BCE<br />
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ignoring {{bc-ig|14th}} century{{nbsp}}BCE<br />
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ignoring {{bc-ig|3rd}} millennium BC<br />
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problematic year {{bc-y|23{{nbsp}}BC|b|1123}}<br />
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marked up decade: {{bc-d|330s{{nbsp}}BC}}<br />
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automatically translated decade: 330s{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118{{nbsp}}BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – 118{{nbsp}}BC), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200 – 118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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c.9,000 - c. 8,000 BC<br />
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markup examples below<br />
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normal:<br />
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with inner spans:<br />
{{bc-i|20,000|t|20000}} - {{bc-i|8,500{{nbsp}}BC|t|8500}}<br />
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something happened in {{ad-at|CE}} era<br />
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Between his crossing of the [[Rubicon|Rubicon River]] in {{bc-y|49 BC}}, and his [[Ides of March|assassination]] in {{bc-y|44&nbsp;BC}}, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. And finally, he wanted to knit together the entire Republic into a single cohesive unit.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. To increase his own powers, he assumed the important magistrates,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and to weaken Rome's other political institutions, he instituted several additional reforms. He controlled the process by which candidates were nominated for magisterial elections, he appointed his own supporters to the senate, and he prevented hostile measures from being adopted by the assemblies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref><br />
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==Julius Caesar's reforms==<br />
[[Image:Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Julius Caesar, accepting the surrender of Vercingetorix, was the final Dictator of the Roman Republic]]<br />
Caesar held both the [[Roman Dictator|Dictatorship]] and the [[Tribune|Tribunate]], but alternated between the [[Roman Consul|Consulship]] and the [[Proconsul]]ship.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> He was first appointed Dictator in 49 BC by the [[Praetor]] (and future [[Triumvir]]) [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], possibly in order to preside over elections, but resigned his Dictatorship within eleven days. In 48 BC, he was appointed Dictator again, only this time for an indefinite period, and in 46 BC, he was appointed Dictator for ten years. In February 44 BC, one month before his assassination, he was appointed Dictator for life. The Dictatorship of Caesar was fundamentally different from the Dictatorship of the early and middle republic, as he held the office for life, rather than for six months, and he also held certain judicial powers which the ordinary Dictators had not held.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Under Caesar, a significant amount of authority had been vested in both the [[Master of the Horse]], as well as in the [[Urban Prefect]], which had not been the case under earlier Dictators.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> They held these additional powers under Caesar, however, because Caesar was frequently out of Italy.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Earlier Dictators, in contrast, were almost never allowed to leave Italy.<br />
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In October 45 BC, Caesar resigned his position as sole Consul, and facilitated the election of two successors for the remainder of the year, which, in theory at least, restored the ordinary Consulship, since the constitution did not recognize a single Consul without a colleague.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> However, this also set a precedent which Caesar's imperial successors followed,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> since under the empire, Consuls served for several months, resigned, and then the emperor facilitated the election of successors for the remainder of that Consular term. Caesar's actions, therefore, further submitted the Consuls to the Dictatorial executive. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> which made his person sacrosanct, allowed him to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. Since Tribunes were always elected by the Plebeian Council, Caesar had hoped to prevent the election of Tribunes who might oppose him,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> although on at least one occasion, Tribunes did attempt to obstruct him. The offending Tribunes in this case, C. Epidius Marullus and L. Caesetius Flavus, were brought before the senate and divested of their office, and as such, Caesar used the same theory of popular sovereignty that [[Tiberius Gracchus]] had used against [[Marcus Octavius]] in 133 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> This was not the first time that Caesar had violated a Tribune's sacrosanctity, since after he had first marched on Rome in 49 BC, he forcibly opened the Treasury in spite of a seal placed on it by a Tribune. After the impeachment of the two obstructive Tribunes, Caesar, perhaps unsurprisingly, faced no further opposition from other members of the tribunician college.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref><br />
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In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of "Prefect of the Morals" (''praefectura morum''), which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the Censorship.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> Thus, he could hold Censorial powers, while technically not subjecting himself to the same checks that the ordinary Censors were subject to, and he used these powers to fill the senate with his own partisans. He also set the precedent, which his imperial successors followed, of requiring the senate to bestow various titles and honors upon him. He was, for example, given the title of "Father of the Fatherland" ("''pater patriae''") and "''[[imperator]]''" (an honorary title, not to be confused with the modern title of "emperor").<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Coins bore his likeness, and he was given the right to speak first during senate meetings.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar then increased the number of magistrates who were elected each year, which created a large pool of experienced magistrates, and allowed Caesar to reward his supporters. This also weakened the powers of the individual magistrates, and thus of the magisterial colleges.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> Caesar even took steps to transform Italy into a province, and to more tightly link the other provinces of the empire into a single cohesive unit. This addressed the underlying problem that had caused the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]] decades earlier, where individuals outside Rome, and certainly outside Italy, were not considered "Roman", and thus were not given full citizenship rights. This process, of ossifying the entire Roman Empire into a single unit, rather than maintaining it as a network of unequal principalities, would ultimately be completed by Caesar's successor, the emperor Augustus.<br />
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[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. {{bc-y|30}}&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
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When Caesar returned to Rome in 47 BC, the ranks of the senate had been severely depleted, and so he used his Censorial powers to appoint many new senators, which eventually raised the senate's membership to 900.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> All of these appointments were of his own partisans, which robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made the senate increasingly subservient to him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> While the assemblies continued to meet, Caesar submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment, which caused the assemblies to become powerless and unable to oppose him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> To minimize the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him,<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar passed a law which subjected governors to term limits: Governors of Praetorial provinces had to abdicate their office after one year, while governors of Consular provinces had to abdicate their office after two years.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the [[Parthian Empire]]. Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own Consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all Consuls and Tribunes in 42 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the Dictator,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> while this conferred a significant amount of political influence on himself, Caesar saw this as necessary in order to contest the domineering influence of the Senate and Equestrians within the Plebeian councils.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref><br />
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==Caesar's assassination and the Second Triumvirate==<br />
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Caesar was [[Ides of March|assassinated]] in March 44 BC. The motives of the conspirators were both personal as well as political.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Many of Caesar's ultimate assassins were jealous of him, and unsatisfied as to the recognition that they had received from him.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Most of the conspirators were senators, and many of them were angry about the fact that he had deprived the senate of much of its power and prestige.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> They were also angry that, while they had received few honors, Caesar had been given many honors. There were also rumors that he was going to make himself king, and transfer the seat of government to [[Alexandria]]. The grievances that they held against him were vague,<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> and as such, their plan against him was vague. The fact that their motives were vague, and that they had no idea of what to do after his assassination, both were plainly obvious by the subsequent course of events.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref><br />
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After Caesar's assassination, [[Mark Antony]], who at the time had been Caesar's fellow consul, eventually formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, [[Augustus|Gaius Octavian]]. Along with [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], who was Caesar's magister equitum (master of horse) at the time of his assassination, they formed an alliance known as the [[Second Triumvirate]]. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitution, and as such, the senate and assemblies remained powerless. The conspirators were defeated at the [[Battle of Philippi]] in 42 BC. Lepidus became powerless, and Antony went to Egypt to seek glory in the east, while Octavian remained in Rome. Eventually, however, Antony and Octavian fought against each other in one last battle. Antony was defeated in the naval [[Battle of Actium]] in 31 BC, and committed suicide in 30 BC. In 29 BC, Octavian returned to Rome, as the unchallenged master of the state. In 27 BC, Octavian offered to give up the Dictatorial powers which he had held since 42 BC, but the senate refused, and thus ratified his status as master of the state. He became the first [[Roman Emperor]], [[Augustus]], and the transition from [[Roman Republic]] to [[Roman Empire]] was complete.<br />
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=== Late Bronze Age ({{bc-i|2000}}–{{bc-i|1200 BC}}) ===<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{columns<br />
|col1 =<br />
* [[Roman Kingdom]]<br />
* [[Roman Empire]]<br />
* [[Roman Law]]<br />
* [[Plebeian Council]]<br />
* [[Centuria]]<br />
|col2 =<br />
* [[Curia]]<br />
* [[Roman consul]]<br />
* [[Praetor]]<br />
* [[Roman censor]]<br />
* [[Quaestor]]<br />
* [[Aedile]]<br />
|col3 =<br />
* [[Roman Dictator]]<br />
* [[Master of the Horse]]<br />
* [[Roman Senate]]<br />
* [[Cursus honorum]]<br />
* [[Byzantine Senate]]<br />
* [[Pontifex Maximus]]<br />
|col4 =<br />
* [[Princeps senatus]]<br />
* [[Interrex]]<br />
* [[Promagistrate]]<br />
* [[Acta Senatus]]<br />
* [[Crisis of the Roman Republic]]<br />
}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). ''A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions''. Elibron Classics ({{ISBN|0-543-92749-0}}).<br />
* Byrd, Robert (1995). ''The Senate of the Roman Republic''. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23.<br />
* Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). ''The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes''. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1.<br />
* [[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999). ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press ({{ISBN|0-19-926108-3}}).<br />
* Polybius (1823). ''The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek''. By [[James Hampton (priest)|James Hampton]]. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol 2.<br />
* [[Lily Ross Taylor|Taylor, Lily Ross]] (1966). ''Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar''. The University of Michigan Press ({{ISBN|0-472-08125-X}}).<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Cambridge Ancient History, Volumes 9–13.<br />
* Cameron, A. ''The Later Roman Empire'', (Fontana Press, 1993).<br />
* Crawford, M. ''The Roman Republic'', (Fontana Press, 1978).<br />
* Gruen, E. S. "The Last Generation of the Roman Republic" (U California Press, 1974)<br />
* Ihne, Wilhelm. ''Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution''. William Pickering. 1853.<br />
* Johnston, Harold Whetstone. ''Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index''. Scott, Foresman and Company. 1891.<br />
* Lintott, A. "The Constitution of the Roman Republic" (Oxford University Press, 1999)<br />
* Millar, F. ''The Emperor in the Roman World'', (Duckworth, 1977, 1992).<br />
* Mommsen, Theodor. ''Roman Constitutional Law''. 1871-1888<br />
*[[Michael Parenti|Parenti, Michael]]. "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]". The New Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-56584-797-0}}.<br />
* Tighe, Ambrose. ''The Development of the Roman Constitution''. D. Apple & Co. 1886.<br />
* Von Fritz, Kurt. ''The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity''. Columbia University Press, New York. 1975.<br />
* [[Polybius]]. ''The Histories''.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=546&chapter=83299&layout=html&Itemid=27 Cicero's De Re Publica, Book Two]<br />
* [http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ANCIENT/polybius6.html Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government; by Polybius]<br />
<br />
===Secondary source material===<br />
* [http://mailer.fsu.edu/~njumonvi/montesquieu_romans.htm Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline, by Montesquieu]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080829134354/http://www.uah.edu/student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/misc/romancon.html The Roman Constitution to the Time of Cicero]<br />
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/30/opinion/30harris.html?_r=1&oref=slogin What a Terrorist Incident in Ancient Rome Can Teach Us]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*Videos of talks by [[Michael Parenti]], about his book "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]", which explains how wealthy and conservative elites killed Caesar to end his egalitarian reforms: 76 minute talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IO_Ldn2H4o in 1 part], and [https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A0D70FED9E01713B in 8 parts].<br />
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[[Category:Reform in the Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Awaiting translation into HE]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Centuries&diff=5713Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Centuries2023-12-14T23:06:54Z<p>Karen: </p>
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ium\nC@entury\n\n\nBC (BCE)\n\n\n4th\n40th\n39t;BC (BCE);bc-tn;;;;<br />
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37th\n36th\n35th\n34th\n33rd\n32nd\n31st;34th;bc-c;;;;<br />
36th\n35th\n34th\n33rd\n32nd\n31st\n\n\n3r;33rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
35th\n34th\n33rd\n32nd\n31st\n\n\n3rd\n30t;32nd;bc-c;;;;<br />
34th\n33rd\n32nd\n31st\n\n\n3rd\n30th\n29t;31st;bc-c;;;;<br />
rd\n32nd\n31st\n\n\n3rd\n30th\n29th\n28th;3rd;bc-m;;;;<br />
2nd\n31st\n\n\n3rd\n30th\n29th\n28th\n27th;30th;bc-c;;;;<br />
1st\n\n\n3rd\n30th\n29th\n28th\n27th\n26th;29th;bc-c;;;;<br />
3rd\n30th\n29th\n28th\n27th\n26th\n25th;28th;bc-c;;;;<br />
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28th\n27th\n26th\n25th\n24th\n23rd\n22nd;25th;bc-c;;;;<br />
27th\n26th\n25th\n24th\n23rd\n22nd\n21st;24th;bc-c;;;;<br />
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rd\n22nd\n21st\n\n\n2nd\n20th\n19th\n18th;2nd;bc-m;;1.1.2.2;;<br />
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1st\n\n\n2nd\n20th\n19th\n18th\n17th\n16th;19th;bc-c;;;;<br />
2nd\n20th\n19th\n18th\n17th\n16th\n15th;18th;bc-c;;;;<br />
20th\n19th\n18th\n17th\n16th\n15th\n14th;17th;bc-c;;;;<br />
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18th\n17th\n16th\n15th\n14th\n13th\n12th;15th;bc-c;;;;<br />
17th\n16th\n15th\n14th\n13th\n12th\n11th;14th;bc-c;;;;<br />
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15th\n14th\n13th\n12th\n11th\n\n\n1st\n10t;12th;bc-c;;;;<br />
14th\n13th\n12th\n11th\n\n\n1st\n10th\n9th;11th;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n12th\n11th\n\n\n1st\n10th\n9th\n8th\n7;1st;bc-m;;;;<br />
2th\n11th\n\n\n1st\n10th\n9th\n8th\n7th\n6t;10th;bc-c;;;;<br />
1th\n\n\n1st\n10th\n9th\n8th\n7th\n6th\n5t;9th;bc-c;;;;<br />
1st\n10th\n9th\n8th\n7th\n6th\n5th\n4t;8th;bc-c;;;;<br />
t\n10th\n9th\n8th\n7th\n6th\n5th\n4th\n3r;7th;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n9th\n8th\n7th\n6th\n5th\n4th\n3rd\n2n;6th;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n8th\n7th\n6th\n5th\n4th\n3rd\n2nd\n1s;5th;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n7th\n6th\n5th\n4th\n3rd\n2nd\n1st;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n6th\n5th\n4th\n3rd\n2nd\n1st\n\n\n@AD;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n5th\n4th\n3rd\n2nd\n1st\n\n\n@AD (CE);2nd;bc-c;;;;<br />
th\n4th\n3rd\n2nd\n1st\n\n\n@AD (CE)\n\n\n1;1st;bc-c;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Pages with dates]]<br />
[[Category:en.wikipedia.org]]<br />
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[[Category:Wikipedia templates]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ad-tn&diff=5712Template:Ad-tn2023-12-14T21:51:22Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><span class="ad-tn"{{#if:{{{2|}}}| data-t="{{{2}}}"|}}>{{{1}}}</span></div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ad-at&diff=5711Template:Ad-at2023-12-14T21:50:46Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><span class="ad-at"{{#if:{{{2|}}}| data-t="{{{2}}}"|}}>{{{1}}}</span></div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar&diff=5710Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar2023-12-14T21:49:46Z<p>Karen: </p>
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<div>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar on Wikipedia]<br />
{{Awaiting translation}}<br />
{{Roman government}}<br />
The '''constitutional reforms of [[Julius Caesar]]''' were a series of laws to the [[Constitution of the Roman Republic]] enacted between 49 and 44 BC, during Caesar's [[Roman dictator|dictatorship]]. Caesar was murdered in 44 BC before the implications of his constitutional actions could be realized.<br />
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==Julius Caesar's constitutional framework {{bc-c|6th}} century ({{bc-y|600}}-{{bc-y|501}})==<br />
<br />
During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of accomplishing political goals. With a weak central government, political corruption had spiraled out of {{bc-c|13th|b}} control, and the status quo had been maintained by a corrupt aristocracy, which saw no need to change a system which had made all of its members quite rich.<br />
Date in book title {{bc-y|123 BC|t}}. Date in quote {{bc-y|234 BC|q}}.<br />
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ad was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted {{bc-y|20}}<br />
List example: 45, 35, 28 BC.<br />
[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
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Testing BCD template: <br />
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{{bcd|y|100}} {{bcd|y|100|t}} {{bcd|y|100|t|101}} {{bcd|y|100||101}}<br />
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{{bcd|y1|100}} {{bcd|y1|100|t}} {{bcd|y1|100|t|101}} {{bcd|y1|100||101}}<br />
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{{bcd|y2|100}} {{bcd|y2|100|t}} {{bcd|y2|100|t|101}} {{bcd|y2|100||101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|i|100}} {{bcd|i|100|t}} {{bcd|i|100|t|101}} {{bcd|i|100||101}}<br />
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{{bcd|i2|100}} {{bcd|i2|100|t}} {{bcd|i2|100|t|101}} {{bcd|i2|100||101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|d|100}} {{bcd|d|100|t}} {{bcd|d|100|t|101}} {{bcd|d|100||101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|sd|100}} {{bcd|sd|100|t}} {{bcd|sd|100|t|101}} {{bcd|sd|100||101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|dp|100}} {{bcd|dp|100|t}} {{bcd|dp|100|t|101}} {{bcd|dp|100||101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|c|100}} {{bcd|c|100}} {{bcd|c|100|101}} {{bcd|c|100|101}}<br />
<br />
{{bcd|m|100}} {{bcd|m|100}} {{bcd|m|100|101}} {{bcd|m|100|101}}<br />
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{{bcd|00s|100}} {{bcd|00s|100|t}} {{bcd|00s|100|t|101}} {{bcd|00s|100||101}}<br />
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{{bcd|000s|100}} {{bcd|000s|100|t}} {{bcd|000s|100|t|101}} {{bcd|000s|100||101}}<br />
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{{bcd|r|100}} {{bcd|r|100|t}} {{bcd|r|100|t|101}} {{bcd|r|100|}}<br />
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{{bcd|ig|100}} {{bcd|ig|100|t}} {{bcd|ig|100|t|101}} {{bcd|ig|100|}}<br />
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{{bcd|tn|100}} {{bcd|tn|100|t}} {{bcd|tn|100|t|101}} {{bcd|tn|100|}}<br />
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{{bcd|ot|100}} {{bcd|ot|100|t}} {{bcd|ot|100|t|101}} {{bcd|ot|100|}}<br />
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{{bcd|at|100}} {{bcd|at|100|t}} {{bcd|at|100|t|101}} {{bcd|at|100|}}<br />
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345{{r|MvsG5}} - 12 June/July 340{{r|MvsG5}} BC<br />
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350{{r|MvsG5}} - 12 July 348{{r|MvsG5}} BC<br />
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11{{r|MvsG5}} - 12 July 348{{r|MvsG5}} BCE<br />
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11{{r|MvsG5}} or 12 July 348{{r|MvsG5}} BCE<br />
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<br />
456 - 345/344 BC<br />
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345/344 - 250 BC<br />
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<br />
(c.100 BC – 44 BC / Reigned 46 – 44 BC)<br />
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BC dates false positives:<br />
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234 BCSC<br />
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235 BCERE<br />
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236 CE<br />
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237 CED<br />
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<br />
4th/3rd centuries BC<br />
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5th/4th millennia BC<br />
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May 4, 45, 35, 28 BC<br />
<br />
March 15, 44 BC<br />
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March 12 BC<br />
<br />
4, 45, 35, 28 BC<br />
<br />
Try to convert this: 13th century{{nbsp}}BC?<br />
<br />
5th or 4th century BC<br />
<br />
2nd and 1st millennium BCE<br />
<br />
13th century BC<br />
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14th century <small>BC</small><br />
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{{bc-c|14th}} century <small>BC</small><br />
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Testing markup {{bc-c|14th}} century<br />
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2nd millennium BC<br />
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2nd millennium{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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2nd millennium <small>BC</small><br />
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{{bc-m|3rd|t}} millennium <small>BC</small><br />
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3550 <small>BC</small><br />
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3650/3550 <small>BC</small><br />
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2550{{r|MvsG5}}<small>BC</small><br />
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Tests for Web extension:<br />
<br />
44/43 <span class="text-smallcaps">bce</span><br />
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100/99 - 85/84 <span class="text-smallcaps">bce</span><br />
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c.490-c.425 BCE<br />
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<br />
Without nbsp: {{circa|828}}{{r|MvsG3}} BC<br />
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With nbsp: {{circa|827}}{{r|MvsG3}}{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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{{bc-c|fifth|b}} century BCE<br />
<br />
{{bc-c|12th|b}} century BCE<br />
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{{bc-c|10th|b}} century{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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{{bc-m|third}} millennium BCE<br />
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{{bc-m|1st}} millennium BCE<br />
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{{bc-m|5th|b}} millennium{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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Maiden whom Philip married either in 339{{r|MvsG2}}/338{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 337{{r|MvsG4}}/336{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
<br />
Maiden whom Philip married either in 439{{r|MvsG2}}/8{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 431{{r|MvsG4}}/0{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
<br />
Maiden whom Philip married either in 439{{r|MvsG2}}/38{{r|MvsG3}} or c. 437{{r|MvsG4}}/36{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC and was his seventh wife<br />
<br />
* [[Eratosthenes]] ({{circa|276|194/195&nbsp;BC|lk=on}}), a Greek mathematician who [[On the measure of the Earth|calculated]] the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun.<br />
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<br />
Year to decade pattern:<br />
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Something happened from 339{{r|MvsG2}}/338{{r|MvsG3}} to c. 220s{{nbsp}}BC, or not.<br />
<br />
Something happened from 3200{{r|MvsG2}}/3100{{r|MvsG3}} to c. 220s{{nbsp}}BC, or not.<br />
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<br />
Decade to year pattern:<br />
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Something else happened in 430s or c. 437{{r|MvsG4}}/36{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC.<br />
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Something else happened in 430s or c. 6220{{r|MvsG4}}/10{{r|MvsG5}}{{nbsp}}BC.<br />
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6550/40 - 5430/20 BC<br />
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6450/30 BC<br />
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Decade ranges.<br />
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In 450s and 440s BC<br />
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In 350s and 340s{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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Decade example: {{bc-d|160s BC}}<br />
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Short decade example: {{bc-sd|160s BC}}<br />
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Year example: {{bc-y|16 BC}}<br />
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Imprecise year example: {{bc-i|240 BC}}<br />
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One digit year example: {{bc-y1|1163 BC}}<br />
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Two digit year example: {{bc-y2|1163 BC}}<br />
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Two digit imprecise year example: {{bc-i2|1160 BC}}<br />
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00s example: {{bc-00s|1100s BC}}<br />
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000s example: {{bc-000s|1000s BC}}<br />
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This {{bc-r|word}} will be removed.<br />
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All years are {{bc-at|BC}}<br />
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Last two centuries {{bc-ot|BC}}<br />
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The era is called {{bc-tn|BC}}<br />
<br />
Let's ignore something.<br />
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This year {{bc-ig|123 BC}}<br />
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anotherr year {{bc-ig|123{{nbsp}}BC}}<br />
<br />
ignoring {{bc-ig|13th}} century BCE<br />
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ignoring {{bc-ig|14th}} century{{nbsp}}BCE<br />
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ignoring {{bc-ig|3rd}} millennium BC<br />
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problematic year {{bc-y|23{{nbsp}}BC|b|1123}}<br />
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marked up decade: {{bc-d|330s{{nbsp}}BC}}<br />
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automatically translated decade: 330s{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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year 23{{r|MvsG3}}{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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Consul in 632, 534, 522, 500, 484, 481, and 479 BC.<br />
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Consul in 632 or 534, 522, 600 - 484, 481 and 479 BC.<br />
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Consul in summer 632 or 534, 522, 600 - 484, 481 and 479 BC.<br />
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Consul in May 30, 534, 522, 481 and 479 BC.<br />
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456 - fall 345 BC.<br />
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456 - September 345 BC.<br />
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<br />
the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118{{nbsp}}BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
<br />
the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – 118{{nbsp}}BC), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
<br />
the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200 – 118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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c.9,000 - c. 8,000 BC<br />
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c.9,000 - c.8,200 BC<br />
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9,000 - 8,000 BC<br />
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9000 - 8000 BC<br />
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9000 - 8000{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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9000 - 2000 BC<br />
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10,000 - 2000 BC<br />
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10000 - 9000 BC<br />
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10000 - 9000{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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23,000 - 8,000 BC<br />
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124,000 - 7,000{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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124,000 - 7,000 BC<br />
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124,000 - 7,000 <small>BC</small><br />
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11,500 - 3400 BC<br />
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11,500 - 3400 <small>BC</small><br />
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123,000 - 1234 BC<br />
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123,000 - 1234{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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123,000 - 1234 <small>BC</small><br />
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markup examples below<br />
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normal:<br />
{{bc-i|20,000|t|20000}} - {{bc-i|8,500&nbsp;BC|t|8500}}<br />
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with inner spans:<br />
{{bc-i|20,000|t|20000}} - {{bc-i|8,500{{nbsp}}BC|t|8500}}<br />
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{{bc-i|3,500|t|3500}} - {{bc-i|2,500{{nbsp}}BC|t|2500}}<br />
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{{bc-y|3,500|t|3500}} - {{bc-y|2,500{{nbsp}}BC|t|2500}}<br />
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20,000 - {{bc-i|2,500{{nbsp}}BC}}<br />
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20,000 - {{bc-i|2,500 BC}}<br />
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{{bc-i|20,000}} - 8,500{{r|MvsG2}}&nbsp;BC<br />
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{{bc-i|20,000}} - 8,500{{r|MvsG2}}{{nbsp}}BC<br />
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{{bc-i|20,000}} - 8,500&nbsp;BC<br />
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{{bc-y|1,234 BC|t|1234}}<br />
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something happened in {{ad-at|CE}} era<br />
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Between his crossing of the [[Rubicon|Rubicon River]] in {{bc-y|49 BC}}, and his [[Ides of March|assassination]] in {{bc-y|44&nbsp;BC}}, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. And finally, he wanted to knit together the entire Republic into a single cohesive unit.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. To increase his own powers, he assumed the important magistrates,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and to weaken Rome's other political institutions, he instituted several additional reforms. He controlled the process by which candidates were nominated for magisterial elections, he appointed his own supporters to the senate, and he prevented hostile measures from being adopted by the assemblies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref><br />
<br />
==Julius Caesar's reforms==<br />
[[Image:Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Julius Caesar, accepting the surrender of Vercingetorix, was the final Dictator of the Roman Republic]]<br />
Caesar held both the [[Roman Dictator|Dictatorship]] and the [[Tribune|Tribunate]], but alternated between the [[Roman Consul|Consulship]] and the [[Proconsul]]ship.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> He was first appointed Dictator in 49 BC by the [[Praetor]] (and future [[Triumvir]]) [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], possibly in order to preside over elections, but resigned his Dictatorship within eleven days. In 48 BC, he was appointed Dictator again, only this time for an indefinite period, and in 46 BC, he was appointed Dictator for ten years. In February 44 BC, one month before his assassination, he was appointed Dictator for life. The Dictatorship of Caesar was fundamentally different from the Dictatorship of the early and middle republic, as he held the office for life, rather than for six months, and he also held certain judicial powers which the ordinary Dictators had not held.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Under Caesar, a significant amount of authority had been vested in both the [[Master of the Horse]], as well as in the [[Urban Prefect]], which had not been the case under earlier Dictators.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> They held these additional powers under Caesar, however, because Caesar was frequently out of Italy.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Earlier Dictators, in contrast, were almost never allowed to leave Italy.<br />
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In October 45 BC, Caesar resigned his position as sole Consul, and facilitated the election of two successors for the remainder of the year, which, in theory at least, restored the ordinary Consulship, since the constitution did not recognize a single Consul without a colleague.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> However, this also set a precedent which Caesar's imperial successors followed,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> since under the empire, Consuls served for several months, resigned, and then the emperor facilitated the election of successors for the remainder of that Consular term. Caesar's actions, therefore, further submitted the Consuls to the Dictatorial executive. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> which made his person sacrosanct, allowed him to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. Since Tribunes were always elected by the Plebeian Council, Caesar had hoped to prevent the election of Tribunes who might oppose him,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> although on at least one occasion, Tribunes did attempt to obstruct him. The offending Tribunes in this case, C. Epidius Marullus and L. Caesetius Flavus, were brought before the senate and divested of their office, and as such, Caesar used the same theory of popular sovereignty that [[Tiberius Gracchus]] had used against [[Marcus Octavius]] in 133 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> This was not the first time that Caesar had violated a Tribune's sacrosanctity, since after he had first marched on Rome in 49 BC, he forcibly opened the Treasury in spite of a seal placed on it by a Tribune. After the impeachment of the two obstructive Tribunes, Caesar, perhaps unsurprisingly, faced no further opposition from other members of the tribunician college.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref><br />
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In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of "Prefect of the Morals" (''praefectura morum''), which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the Censorship.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> Thus, he could hold Censorial powers, while technically not subjecting himself to the same checks that the ordinary Censors were subject to, and he used these powers to fill the senate with his own partisans. He also set the precedent, which his imperial successors followed, of requiring the senate to bestow various titles and honors upon him. He was, for example, given the title of "Father of the Fatherland" ("''pater patriae''") and "''[[imperator]]''" (an honorary title, not to be confused with the modern title of "emperor").<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Coins bore his likeness, and he was given the right to speak first during senate meetings.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar then increased the number of magistrates who were elected each year, which created a large pool of experienced magistrates, and allowed Caesar to reward his supporters. This also weakened the powers of the individual magistrates, and thus of the magisterial colleges.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> Caesar even took steps to transform Italy into a province, and to more tightly link the other provinces of the empire into a single cohesive unit. This addressed the underlying problem that had caused the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]] decades earlier, where individuals outside Rome, and certainly outside Italy, were not considered "Roman", and thus were not given full citizenship rights. This process, of ossifying the entire Roman Empire into a single unit, rather than maintaining it as a network of unequal principalities, would ultimately be completed by Caesar's successor, the emperor Augustus.<br />
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<br />
[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. {{bc-y|30}}&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
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When Caesar returned to Rome in 47 BC, the ranks of the senate had been severely depleted, and so he used his Censorial powers to appoint many new senators, which eventually raised the senate's membership to 900.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> All of these appointments were of his own partisans, which robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made the senate increasingly subservient to him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> While the assemblies continued to meet, Caesar submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment, which caused the assemblies to become powerless and unable to oppose him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> To minimize the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him,<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar passed a law which subjected governors to term limits: Governors of Praetorial provinces had to abdicate their office after one year, while governors of Consular provinces had to abdicate their office after two years.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the [[Parthian Empire]]. Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own Consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all Consuls and Tribunes in 42 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the Dictator,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> while this conferred a significant amount of political influence on himself, Caesar saw this as necessary in order to contest the domineering influence of the Senate and Equestrians within the Plebeian councils.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref><br />
<br />
==Caesar's assassination and the Second Triumvirate==<br />
<br />
Caesar was [[Ides of March|assassinated]] in March 44 BC. The motives of the conspirators were both personal as well as political.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Many of Caesar's ultimate assassins were jealous of him, and unsatisfied as to the recognition that they had received from him.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Most of the conspirators were senators, and many of them were angry about the fact that he had deprived the senate of much of its power and prestige.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> They were also angry that, while they had received few honors, Caesar had been given many honors. There were also rumors that he was going to make himself king, and transfer the seat of government to [[Alexandria]]. The grievances that they held against him were vague,<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> and as such, their plan against him was vague. The fact that their motives were vague, and that they had no idea of what to do after his assassination, both were plainly obvious by the subsequent course of events.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref><br />
<br />
After Caesar's assassination, [[Mark Antony]], who at the time had been Caesar's fellow consul, eventually formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, [[Augustus|Gaius Octavian]]. Along with [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], who was Caesar's magister equitum (master of horse) at the time of his assassination, they formed an alliance known as the [[Second Triumvirate]]. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitution, and as such, the senate and assemblies remained powerless. The conspirators were defeated at the [[Battle of Philippi]] in 42 BC. Lepidus became powerless, and Antony went to Egypt to seek glory in the east, while Octavian remained in Rome. Eventually, however, Antony and Octavian fought against each other in one last battle. Antony was defeated in the naval [[Battle of Actium]] in 31 BC, and committed suicide in 30 BC. In 29 BC, Octavian returned to Rome, as the unchallenged master of the state. In 27 BC, Octavian offered to give up the Dictatorial powers which he had held since 42 BC, but the senate refused, and thus ratified his status as master of the state. He became the first [[Roman Emperor]], [[Augustus]], and the transition from [[Roman Republic]] to [[Roman Empire]] was complete.<br />
<br />
=== Late Bronze Age ({{bc-i|2000}}–{{bc-i|1200 BC}}) ===<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{columns<br />
|col1 =<br />
* [[Roman Kingdom]]<br />
* [[Roman Empire]]<br />
* [[Roman Law]]<br />
* [[Plebeian Council]]<br />
* [[Centuria]]<br />
|col2 =<br />
* [[Curia]]<br />
* [[Roman consul]]<br />
* [[Praetor]]<br />
* [[Roman censor]]<br />
* [[Quaestor]]<br />
* [[Aedile]]<br />
|col3 =<br />
* [[Roman Dictator]]<br />
* [[Master of the Horse]]<br />
* [[Roman Senate]]<br />
* [[Cursus honorum]]<br />
* [[Byzantine Senate]]<br />
* [[Pontifex Maximus]]<br />
|col4 =<br />
* [[Princeps senatus]]<br />
* [[Interrex]]<br />
* [[Promagistrate]]<br />
* [[Acta Senatus]]<br />
* [[Crisis of the Roman Republic]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). ''A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions''. Elibron Classics ({{ISBN|0-543-92749-0}}).<br />
* Byrd, Robert (1995). ''The Senate of the Roman Republic''. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23.<br />
* Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). ''The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes''. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1.<br />
* [[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999). ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press ({{ISBN|0-19-926108-3}}).<br />
* Polybius (1823). ''The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek''. By [[James Hampton (priest)|James Hampton]]. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol 2.<br />
* [[Lily Ross Taylor|Taylor, Lily Ross]] (1966). ''Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar''. The University of Michigan Press ({{ISBN|0-472-08125-X}}).<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Cambridge Ancient History, Volumes 9–13.<br />
* Cameron, A. ''The Later Roman Empire'', (Fontana Press, 1993).<br />
* Crawford, M. ''The Roman Republic'', (Fontana Press, 1978).<br />
* Gruen, E. S. "The Last Generation of the Roman Republic" (U California Press, 1974)<br />
* Ihne, Wilhelm. ''Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution''. William Pickering. 1853.<br />
* Johnston, Harold Whetstone. ''Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index''. Scott, Foresman and Company. 1891.<br />
* Lintott, A. "The Constitution of the Roman Republic" (Oxford University Press, 1999)<br />
* Millar, F. ''The Emperor in the Roman World'', (Duckworth, 1977, 1992).<br />
* Mommsen, Theodor. ''Roman Constitutional Law''. 1871-1888<br />
*[[Michael Parenti|Parenti, Michael]]. "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]". The New Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-56584-797-0}}.<br />
* Tighe, Ambrose. ''The Development of the Roman Constitution''. D. Apple & Co. 1886.<br />
* Von Fritz, Kurt. ''The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity''. Columbia University Press, New York. 1975.<br />
* [[Polybius]]. ''The Histories''.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=546&chapter=83299&layout=html&Itemid=27 Cicero's De Re Publica, Book Two]<br />
* [http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ANCIENT/polybius6.html Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government; by Polybius]<br />
<br />
===Secondary source material===<br />
* [http://mailer.fsu.edu/~njumonvi/montesquieu_romans.htm Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline, by Montesquieu]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080829134354/http://www.uah.edu/student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/misc/romancon.html The Roman Constitution to the Time of Cicero]<br />
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/30/opinion/30harris.html?_r=1&oref=slogin What a Terrorist Incident in Ancient Rome Can Teach Us]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*Videos of talks by [[Michael Parenti]], about his book "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]", which explains how wealthy and conservative elites killed Caesar to end his egalitarian reforms: 76 minute talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IO_Ldn2H4o in 1 part], and [https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A0D70FED9E01713B in 8 parts].<br />
<br />
{{Roman Constitution}}<br />
{{Julius Caesar}}<br />
{{Ancient Rome topics}}<br />
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[[Category:Julius Caesar]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Roman law]]<br />
[[Category:Constitutions of ancient Rome| ]]<br />
[[Category:40s BC]]<br />
[[Category:1st century BC in the Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Reform in the Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Awaiting translation into HE]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar&diff=5709Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar2023-12-14T21:47:50Z<p>Karen: </p>
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<div>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_reforms_of_Julius_Caesar Constitutional reforms of Julius Caesar on Wikipedia]<br />
{{Awaiting translation}}<br />
{{Roman government}}<br />
The '''constitutional reforms of [[Julius Caesar]]''' were a series of laws to the [[Constitution of the Roman Republic]] enacted between 49 and 44 BC, during Caesar's [[Roman dictator|dictatorship]]. Caesar was murdered in 44 BC before the implications of his constitutional actions could be realized.<br />
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==Julius Caesar's constitutional framework {{bc-c|6th}} century ({{bc-y|600}}-{{bc-y|501}})==<br />
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During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of accomplishing political goals. With a weak central government, political corruption had spiraled out of {{bc-c|13th|b}} control, and the status quo had been maintained by a corrupt aristocracy, which saw no need to change a system which had made all of its members quite rich.<br />
Date in book title {{bc-y|123 BC|t}}. Date in quote {{bc-y|234 BC|q}}.<br />
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ad was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted {{bc-y|20}}<br />
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[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. 31&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
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* [[Eratosthenes]] ({{circa|276|194/195&nbsp;BC|lk=on}}), a Greek mathematician who [[On the measure of the Earth|calculated]] the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun.<br />
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Consul in summer 632 or 534, 522, 600 - 484, 481 and 479 BC.<br />
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Consul in May 30, 534, 522, 481 and 479 BC.<br />
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456 - fall 345 BC.<br />
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456 - September 345 BC.<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – {{circa|118{{nbsp}}BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200}} – 118{{nbsp}}BC), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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the historian [[Polybius]] ({{circa|200 – 118 BC}}), a Greek general sent to Rome<br />
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c.9,000 - c. 8,000 BC<br />
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11,500 - 3400 BC<br />
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markup examples below<br />
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{{bc-y|1,234 BC|t|1234}}<br />
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Between his crossing of the [[Rubicon|Rubicon River]] in {{bc-y|49 BC}}, and his [[Ides of March|assassination]] in {{bc-y|44&nbsp;BC}}, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. And finally, he wanted to knit together the entire Republic into a single cohesive unit.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. To increase his own powers, he assumed the important magistrates,<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> and to weaken Rome's other political institutions, he instituted several additional reforms. He controlled the process by which candidates were nominated for magisterial elections, he appointed his own supporters to the senate, and he prevented hostile measures from being adopted by the assemblies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref><br />
<br />
==Julius Caesar's reforms==<br />
[[Image:Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Julius Caesar, accepting the surrender of Vercingetorix, was the final Dictator of the Roman Republic]]<br />
Caesar held both the [[Roman Dictator|Dictatorship]] and the [[Tribune|Tribunate]], but alternated between the [[Roman Consul|Consulship]] and the [[Proconsul]]ship.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies.<ref name="Abbott, 134">Abbott, 134</ref> He was first appointed Dictator in 49 BC by the [[Praetor]] (and future [[Triumvir]]) [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], possibly in order to preside over elections, but resigned his Dictatorship within eleven days. In 48 BC, he was appointed Dictator again, only this time for an indefinite period, and in 46 BC, he was appointed Dictator for ten years. In February 44 BC, one month before his assassination, he was appointed Dictator for life. The Dictatorship of Caesar was fundamentally different from the Dictatorship of the early and middle republic, as he held the office for life, rather than for six months, and he also held certain judicial powers which the ordinary Dictators had not held.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Under Caesar, a significant amount of authority had been vested in both the [[Master of the Horse]], as well as in the [[Urban Prefect]], which had not been the case under earlier Dictators.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> They held these additional powers under Caesar, however, because Caesar was frequently out of Italy.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Earlier Dictators, in contrast, were almost never allowed to leave Italy.<br />
<br />
In October 45 BC, Caesar resigned his position as sole Consul, and facilitated the election of two successors for the remainder of the year, which, in theory at least, restored the ordinary Consulship, since the constitution did not recognize a single Consul without a colleague.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> However, this also set a precedent which Caesar's imperial successors followed,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> since under the empire, Consuls served for several months, resigned, and then the emperor facilitated the election of successors for the remainder of that Consular term. Caesar's actions, therefore, further submitted the Consuls to the Dictatorial executive. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> which made his person sacrosanct, allowed him to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. Since Tribunes were always elected by the Plebeian Council, Caesar had hoped to prevent the election of Tribunes who might oppose him,<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> although on at least one occasion, Tribunes did attempt to obstruct him. The offending Tribunes in this case, C. Epidius Marullus and L. Caesetius Flavus, were brought before the senate and divested of their office, and as such, Caesar used the same theory of popular sovereignty that [[Tiberius Gracchus]] had used against [[Marcus Octavius]] in 133 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> This was not the first time that Caesar had violated a Tribune's sacrosanctity, since after he had first marched on Rome in 49 BC, he forcibly opened the Treasury in spite of a seal placed on it by a Tribune. After the impeachment of the two obstructive Tribunes, Caesar, perhaps unsurprisingly, faced no further opposition from other members of the tribunician college.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref><br />
<br />
In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of "Prefect of the Morals" (''praefectura morum''), which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the Censorship.<ref name="Abbott, 135">Abbott, 135</ref> Thus, he could hold Censorial powers, while technically not subjecting himself to the same checks that the ordinary Censors were subject to, and he used these powers to fill the senate with his own partisans. He also set the precedent, which his imperial successors followed, of requiring the senate to bestow various titles and honors upon him. He was, for example, given the title of "Father of the Fatherland" ("''pater patriae''") and "''[[imperator]]''" (an honorary title, not to be confused with the modern title of "emperor").<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Coins bore his likeness, and he was given the right to speak first during senate meetings.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar then increased the number of magistrates who were elected each year, which created a large pool of experienced magistrates, and allowed Caesar to reward his supporters. This also weakened the powers of the individual magistrates, and thus of the magisterial colleges.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> Caesar even took steps to transform Italy into a province, and to more tightly link the other provinces of the empire into a single cohesive unit. This addressed the underlying problem that had caused the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]] decades earlier, where individuals outside Rome, and certainly outside Italy, were not considered "Roman", and thus were not given full citizenship rights. This process, of ossifying the entire Roman Empire into a single unit, rather than maintaining it as a network of unequal principalities, would ultimately be completed by Caesar's successor, the emperor Augustus.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Caesar augustus.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Augustus as a magistrate; the statue's marble head was made c. {{bc-y|30}}&ndash;20 BC, the body sculpted in the 2nd century AD]]<br />
<br />
When Caesar returned to Rome in 47 BC, the ranks of the senate had been severely depleted, and so he used his Censorial powers to appoint many new senators, which eventually raised the senate's membership to 900.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> All of these appointments were of his own partisans, which robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made the senate increasingly subservient to him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> While the assemblies continued to meet, Caesar submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment, which caused the assemblies to become powerless and unable to oppose him.<ref name="Abbott, 138">Abbott, 138</ref> To minimize the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him,<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Caesar passed a law which subjected governors to term limits: Governors of Praetorial provinces had to abdicate their office after one year, while governors of Consular provinces had to abdicate their office after two years.<ref name="Abbott, 136">Abbott, 136</ref> Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the [[Parthian Empire]]. Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own Consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all Consuls and Tribunes in 42 BC.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the Dictator,<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref> while this conferred a significant amount of political influence on himself, Caesar saw this as necessary in order to contest the domineering influence of the Senate and Equestrians within the Plebeian councils.<ref name="Abbott, 137">Abbott, 137</ref><br />
<br />
==Caesar's assassination and the Second Triumvirate==<br />
<br />
Caesar was [[Ides of March|assassinated]] in March 44 BC. The motives of the conspirators were both personal as well as political.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Many of Caesar's ultimate assassins were jealous of him, and unsatisfied as to the recognition that they had received from him.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> Most of the conspirators were senators, and many of them were angry about the fact that he had deprived the senate of much of its power and prestige.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> They were also angry that, while they had received few honors, Caesar had been given many honors. There were also rumors that he was going to make himself king, and transfer the seat of government to [[Alexandria]]. The grievances that they held against him were vague,<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref> and as such, their plan against him was vague. The fact that their motives were vague, and that they had no idea of what to do after his assassination, both were plainly obvious by the subsequent course of events.<ref name="Abbott, 133">Abbott, 133</ref><br />
<br />
After Caesar's assassination, [[Mark Antony]], who at the time had been Caesar's fellow consul, eventually formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, [[Augustus|Gaius Octavian]]. Along with [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], who was Caesar's magister equitum (master of horse) at the time of his assassination, they formed an alliance known as the [[Second Triumvirate]]. They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitution, and as such, the senate and assemblies remained powerless. The conspirators were defeated at the [[Battle of Philippi]] in 42 BC. Lepidus became powerless, and Antony went to Egypt to seek glory in the east, while Octavian remained in Rome. Eventually, however, Antony and Octavian fought against each other in one last battle. Antony was defeated in the naval [[Battle of Actium]] in 31 BC, and committed suicide in 30 BC. In 29 BC, Octavian returned to Rome, as the unchallenged master of the state. In 27 BC, Octavian offered to give up the Dictatorial powers which he had held since 42 BC, but the senate refused, and thus ratified his status as master of the state. He became the first [[Roman Emperor]], [[Augustus]], and the transition from [[Roman Republic]] to [[Roman Empire]] was complete.<br />
<br />
=== Late Bronze Age ({{bc-i|2000}}–{{bc-i|1200 BC}}) ===<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{columns<br />
|col1 =<br />
* [[Roman Kingdom]]<br />
* [[Roman Empire]]<br />
* [[Roman Law]]<br />
* [[Plebeian Council]]<br />
* [[Centuria]]<br />
|col2 =<br />
* [[Curia]]<br />
* [[Roman consul]]<br />
* [[Praetor]]<br />
* [[Roman censor]]<br />
* [[Quaestor]]<br />
* [[Aedile]]<br />
|col3 =<br />
* [[Roman Dictator]]<br />
* [[Master of the Horse]]<br />
* [[Roman Senate]]<br />
* [[Cursus honorum]]<br />
* [[Byzantine Senate]]<br />
* [[Pontifex Maximus]]<br />
|col4 =<br />
* [[Princeps senatus]]<br />
* [[Interrex]]<br />
* [[Promagistrate]]<br />
* [[Acta Senatus]]<br />
* [[Crisis of the Roman Republic]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). ''A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions''. Elibron Classics ({{ISBN|0-543-92749-0}}).<br />
* Byrd, Robert (1995). ''The Senate of the Roman Republic''. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23.<br />
* Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). ''The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes''. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1.<br />
* [[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999). ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press ({{ISBN|0-19-926108-3}}).<br />
* Polybius (1823). ''The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek''. By [[James Hampton (priest)|James Hampton]]. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol 2.<br />
* [[Lily Ross Taylor|Taylor, Lily Ross]] (1966). ''Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar''. The University of Michigan Press ({{ISBN|0-472-08125-X}}).<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Cambridge Ancient History, Volumes 9–13.<br />
* Cameron, A. ''The Later Roman Empire'', (Fontana Press, 1993).<br />
* Crawford, M. ''The Roman Republic'', (Fontana Press, 1978).<br />
* Gruen, E. S. "The Last Generation of the Roman Republic" (U California Press, 1974)<br />
* Ihne, Wilhelm. ''Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution''. William Pickering. 1853.<br />
* Johnston, Harold Whetstone. ''Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index''. Scott, Foresman and Company. 1891.<br />
* Lintott, A. "The Constitution of the Roman Republic" (Oxford University Press, 1999)<br />
* Millar, F. ''The Emperor in the Roman World'', (Duckworth, 1977, 1992).<br />
* Mommsen, Theodor. ''Roman Constitutional Law''. 1871-1888<br />
*[[Michael Parenti|Parenti, Michael]]. "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]". The New Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-56584-797-0}}.<br />
* Tighe, Ambrose. ''The Development of the Roman Constitution''. D. Apple & Co. 1886.<br />
* Von Fritz, Kurt. ''The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity''. Columbia University Press, New York. 1975.<br />
* [[Polybius]]. ''The Histories''.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=546&chapter=83299&layout=html&Itemid=27 Cicero's De Re Publica, Book Two]<br />
* [http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ANCIENT/polybius6.html Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government; by Polybius]<br />
<br />
===Secondary source material===<br />
* [http://mailer.fsu.edu/~njumonvi/montesquieu_romans.htm Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline, by Montesquieu]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080829134354/http://www.uah.edu/student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/misc/romancon.html The Roman Constitution to the Time of Cicero]<br />
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/30/opinion/30harris.html?_r=1&oref=slogin What a Terrorist Incident in Ancient Rome Can Teach Us]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*Videos of talks by [[Michael Parenti]], about his book "[[The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People's History of Ancient Rome]]", which explains how wealthy and conservative elites killed Caesar to end his egalitarian reforms: 76 minute talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IO_Ldn2H4o in 1 part], and [https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A0D70FED9E01713B in 8 parts].<br />
<br />
{{Roman Constitution}}<br />
{{Julius Caesar}}<br />
{{Ancient Rome topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Julius Caesar]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Roman law]]<br />
[[Category:Constitutions of ancient Rome| ]]<br />
[[Category:40s BC]]<br />
[[Category:1st century BC in the Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Reform in the Roman Republic]]<br />
[[Category:Awaiting translation into HE]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer&diff=5708Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer2023-12-14T21:07:02Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
r(c. 5500 – c. 1800 BC)\nThe general l;1800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
esc. 5500 – c. 1800 BCPreceded byUbai;1800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a p;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
g c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC@. \n\nName\nSumer;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
uler Gudea, c. 2150 BC@. Right: cunei;2150 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
r period, 3100–2700 BC. British Museu;2700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
dard of Ur, c. 2600 BC.\nSome scholars;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Empire around 2270 BC (short chronol;2270 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
approximately 2100–2000 BC, but t;2100;bc-i;;;;<br />
oximately 2100–2000 BC, but the Akkad;2000 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ch dates to c. 2600 BC.[00]\nThe five;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n of Akkad, c. 2300 BC@.[00] The hair;2300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
isted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopota;1700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 3100 – c. 2900 BC\nUruk III phase;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 3100 – c. 2900 BC\nEarly Bronze A;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 3000 – c. 2700 BC\nEarly Dynastic;2700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
stic period c. 2900 – c. 2334 BC\nE;2900;bc-i;;;;<br />
c I period: c. 2900 – c. 2800 BC\nE;2900;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2900 – c. 2800 BC\nEridu dynasty;2800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
II period: c. 2800 – c. 2600 BC\nU;2800;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2800 – c. 2600 BC\nUruk I dynasty;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
IIa period: c. 2600 – c. 2500 BC\nU;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2600 – c. 2500 BC\nUr I dynasty\nA;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
IIb period: c. 2500 – c. 2334 BC\nU;2500;bc-i;;;;<br />
ze Age III: c. 2700 – c. 2200 BC\nA;2700;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2700 – c. 2200 BC\nAkkadian perio;2200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
nze Age IV: c. 2200 – c. 2100 BC\nG;2200;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2200 – c. 2100 BC\nGutian period:;2100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
onze Age I: c. 2100 – c. 2000 BC\nU;2100;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2100 – c. 2000 BC\nUr III period:;2000 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
e Age II A: c. 2000 – c. 1750 BC\nI;2000;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 2000 – c. 1750 BC\nIsin-Larsa per;1750 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
e Age II B: c. 1750 – c. 1650 BC\nO;1750;bc-i;;;;<br />
: c. 1750 – c. 1650 BC\nOld Babylonian;1650 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
eriod (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), t;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
d from c. 3200–2900 BC that marked th;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
riod begins c. 2900 BC and was associ;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ecord opens c. 2900 BC, when the now;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ing Sargon, c. 2300 BC@.[00][00] Louv;2300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ngs of Kish c. 2800 BC,[00] preserved;2800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
dating from c. 2500 BC@. Use of Old A;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was;1800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n of Gudea, c. 2100 BC. Louvre Museum;2100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
urat of Ur, c. 2100 BC, near Nasiriya;2100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
he period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it;2100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
rom 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimat;1700 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
states of the 20th to 18th c@entu;20th;bc-c;;;;<br />
of the 20th to 18th c@enturies are;18th;bc-c;;;;<br />
r Hammurabi c. 1800 BC.\nLater rulers;1800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
enturies after 2300 BC. Their right t;2300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
of Lagash (c. 2350 BC) say that he a;2350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
n princess (c. 2150 BC)Sumerian princ;2150 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
me of Gudea c. 2150 BC@.Frontal detai;2150 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
y groats\; 3100–2900 BC\; clay\; 6.8 x 4;2900 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Shuruppak\; c. 2600 BC\; height: 8.5 c;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
e Vultures\; c. 2450 BC\; limestone\; fo;2450 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
a temple. Ur, 2500 BCNaked priest of;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
(detail), Ur, 2500 BC\nThe Sumerians;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ometime around 2300 BC or thereabouts;2300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Urukagina, c. 2350 BC\nThe Sumerians;2350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
in a Thicket\; 2600–2400 BC\; gold,;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
Thicket\; 2600–2400 BC\; gold, copper,;2400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
tandard of Ur\; 2600–2400 BC\; shell;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
rd of Ur\; 2600–2400 BC\; shell, red li;2400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
t from a lyre\; 2600–2350 BC\; bronz;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
m a lyre\; 2600–2350 BC\; bronze inlaid;2350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
asty of Ur (c. 2100 BC), dedicated to;2100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
gebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the S;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
The period c. 2700–2300 BC saw th;2700;bc-i;;;;<br />
period c. 2700–2300 BC saw the first;2300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ian tablet, c. 2600 BC\nDiscoveries of;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
nd from around 2350 BC.[00] Various o;2350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ng from around 2500–2000 BC.[00] C;2500;bc-i;;;;<br />
om around 2500–2000 BC.[00] Carnelian;2000 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Ur, dating to 2600–2450.[00] In p;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
dating to 2600–2450.[00] In partic;2450;bc-i;;;;<br />
d form between 2400 and 1800 BC, b;2400;bc-i;;;;<br />
tween 2400 and 1800 BC, but at the ti;1800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
me time before 2000 BC and it remaine;2000 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
a of Lagash in 2400–2350 BC. Accor;2400;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lagash in 2400–2350 BC. According to;2350 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
dard of Ur, c. 2600 BC\nPhalanx battle;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
emetery of Ur, 2600–2500 BC\nThe al;2600;bc-i;;;;<br />
ry of Ur, 2600–2500 BC\nThe almost con;2500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
and Umma in c. 2450 BC on a stele cal;2450 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
st time, about 2600 BC, to messages a;2600 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
lville (2003). Third Millennium Chr;Third;bc-m;;;;<br />
ent Near East, 1400–1200 BC, (Chic;1400;bc-i;;;;<br />
ear East, 1400–1200 BC, (Chicago: Uni;1200 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Template:Timeline of Mesopotamia<br />
Template:Rulers of the Ancient Near East<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_of_Caesar&diff=5707Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum of Caesar2023-12-09T23:45:49Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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f Pharsalus in 48, Caesar vowed;48;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Annius_Milo&diff=5706Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus Annius Milo2023-11-30T23:45:20Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70s_BC&diff=5705Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70s BC2023-11-21T10:43:11Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ntury\n\nDecades\n90s BC\n80s BC\n70s B;90s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
Decades\n90s BC\n80s BC\n70s BC\n60s B;80s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n80s BC\n70s BC\n60s BC\n50s B;70s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
80s BC\n70s BC\n60s BC\n50s BC\n\nYear;60s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
70s BC\n60s BC\n50s BC\n\nYears\n79 BC;50s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120s_BC&diff=5704Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120s BC2023-11-21T10:41:59Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s;140s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n110s;130s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n110s BC\n100s;120s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n120s BC\n110s BC\n100s BC\n\nYea;110s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
20s BC\n110s BC\n100s BC\n\nYears\n129 B;100s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
incursions, in 128 or 127 the Xio;128;bc-y;;;;<br />
ons, in 128 or 127 the Xiongnu in;127;bc-y;;;;<br />
Xiongnu\nWinter 127/6: The Xiongnu;127;bc-y;;;;<br />
gnu\nWinter 127/6: The Xiongnu r;6;bc-y1;;;126;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/130s_BC&diff=5703Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/130s BC2023-11-21T10:40:36Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n150s BC\n140s BC\n130s;150s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n150s BC\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s;140s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n110s;130s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n110s BC\n\nYea;120s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n120s BC\n110s BC\n\nYears\n139 B;110s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/240s_BC&diff=5702Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/240s BC2023-11-21T10:39:18Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n260s BC\n250s BC\n240s;260s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n260s BC\n250s BC\n240s BC\n230s;250s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
60s BC\n250s BC\n240s BC\n230s BC\n220s;240s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n240s BC\n230s BC\n220s BC\n\nYea;230s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n230s BC\n220s BC\n\nYears\n249 B;220s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
the winter of 248/7, Hamilcar Ba;248;bc-y;;;;<br />
winter of 248/7, Hamilcar Barc;7;bc-y1;;;247;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90s_BC&diff=5701Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90s BC2023-11-21T10:37:26Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ntury\n\nDecades\n110s BC\n100s BC\n90s;110s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n110s BC\n100s BC\n90s BC\n80s B;100s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
10s BC\n100s BC\n90s BC\n80s BC\n70s B;90s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
100s BC\n90s BC\n80s BC\n70s BC\n\nYear;80s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n80s BC\n70s BC\n\nYears\n99 BC;70s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/140s_BC&diff=5700Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/140s BC2023-11-21T10:36:33Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n160s BC\n150s BC\n140s;160s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n160s BC\n150s BC\n140s BC\n130s;150s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
60s BC\n150s BC\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s;140s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n140s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n\nYea;130s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n130s BC\n120s BC\n\nYears\n149 B;120s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/420s_BC&diff=5699Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/420s BC2023-11-21T10:33:56Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n440s BC\n430s BC\n420s;440s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n440s BC\n430s BC\n420s BC\n410s;430s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n430s BC\n420s BC\n410s BC\n400s;420s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n420s BC\n410s BC\n400s BC\n\nYea;410s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
20s BC\n410s BC\n400s BC\n\nYears\n429 B;400s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/430s_BC&diff=5698Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/430s BC2023-11-21T10:32:41Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n450s BC\n440s BC\n430s;450s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n450s BC\n440s BC\n430s BC\n420s;440s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n440s BC\n430s BC\n420s BC\n410s;430s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n430s BC\n420s BC\n410s BC\n\nYea;420s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n420s BC\n410s BC\n\nYears\n439 B;410s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/190s_BC&diff=5697Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/190s BC2023-11-21T10:31:07Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n210s BC\n200s BC\n190s;210s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n210s BC\n200s BC\n190s BC\n180s;200s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
10s BC\n200s BC\n190s BC\n180s BC\n170s;190s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
00s BC\n190s BC\n180s BC\n170s BC\n\nYea;180s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n180s BC\n170s BC\n\nYears\n199 B;170s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/380s_BC&diff=5696Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/380s BC2023-11-21T10:29:44Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n400s BC\n390s BC\n380s;400s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n400s BC\n390s BC\n380s BC\n370s;390s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
00s BC\n390s BC\n380s BC\n370s BC\n360s;380s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n380s BC\n370s BC\n360s BC\n\nYea;370s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
80s BC\n370s BC\n360s BC\n\nYears\n389 B;360s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ing of Macedon 306-301\n380 BC \n\nD;306;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Macedon 306-301\n380 BC \n\nDariu;301;bc-y;;;;<br />
Kalydon in the Fourth C@entury". Hes;Fourth;bc-c;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/490s_BC&diff=5695Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/490s BC2023-11-21T10:28:03Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n510s BC\n500s BC\n490s;510s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n510s BC\n500s BC\n490s BC\n480s;500s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
10s BC\n500s BC\n490s BC\n480s BC\n470s;490s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
00s BC\n490s BC\n480s BC\n470s BC\n\nYea;480s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n480s BC\n470s BC\n\nYears\n499 B;470s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400s_BC_(decade)&diff=5694Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400s BC (decade)2023-11-21T10:26:25Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n420s BC\n410s BC\n400s;420s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n420s BC\n410s BC\n400s BC\n390s;410s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
20s BC\n410s BC\n400s BC\n390s BC\n380s;400s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
10s BC\n400s BC\n390s BC\n380s BC\n\nYea;390s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
00s BC\n390s BC\n380s BC\n\nYears\n409 B;380s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/250s_BC&diff=5693Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/250s BC2023-11-21T10:24:13Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
ry BC\n\nDecades\n270s BC\n260s BC\n250s;270s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n270s BC\n260s BC\n250s BC\n240s;260s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
70s BC\n260s BC\n250s BC\n240s BC\n230s;250s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
60s BC\n250s BC\n240s BC\n230s BC\n\nYea;240s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n240s BC\n230s BC\n\nYears\n259 B;230s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/480s_BC&diff=5692Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/480s BC2023-11-21T10:22:23Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
ry BC\n\nDecades\n500s BC\n490s BC\n480s;500s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n500s BC\n490s BC\n480s BC\n470s;490s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
00s BC\n490s BC\n480s BC\n470s BC\n460s;480s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n480s BC\n470s BC\n460s BC\n\nYea;470s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
80s BC\n470s BC\n460s BC\n\nYears\n489 B;460s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ent created in 508 by Cleisthenes;508;bc-y;;;;<br />
nvoke it until 487 when there was;487;bc-y;;;;<br />
arty archon in 496. He was the fi;496;bc-y;;;;<br />
tional date is 480.[0]\n484 BC \n\nH;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/310s_BC&diff=5691Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/310s BC2023-11-20T23:00:39Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n330s BC\n320s BC\n310s;330s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n330s BC\n320s BC\n310s BC\n300s;320s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n320s BC\n310s BC\n300s BC\n290s;310s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
20s BC\n310s BC\n300s BC\n290s BC\n\nYea;300s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
10s BC\n300s BC\n290s BC\n\nYears\n319 B;290s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity&diff=5690Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical antiquity2023-11-20T22:56:39Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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aic period (c. 8th to c. 6th c@en;8th;bc-c;;2.1.1.1;;<br />
aic period (c. 8th to c. 6th c@en;8th;bc-c;;2.2.1.1;;<br />
st half of the 8th c@entury. Home;8th;bc-c;;;;<br />
rchaic period (750–550 BC)\nGreek;750;bc-i;;;;<br />
ic period (750–550 BC)\nGreek colonis;550 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
orth of Italy, 800 BC\nThe Etruscans;800 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
in 323 BC. In 510, Spartan troop;510;bc-y;;;;<br />
ce entered the 4th c@entury under;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
nflicts of the 4th and 3rd c@entu;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
of the 4th and 3rd c@enturies, th;3rd;bc-c;;;;<br />
Template:Ancient Greece topics<br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Sumer_and_Akkad&diff=5689Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King of Sumer and Akkad2023-11-20T22:51:56Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_century_BC&diff=5688Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd century BC2023-11-20T21:37:27Z<p>Karen: </p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n3190s BC\n3180s BC\n317;3190s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
cades\n3190s BC\n3180s BC\n3170s BC\n316;3180s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3180s BC\n3170s BC\n3160s BC\n315;3170s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3170s BC\n3160s BC\n3150s BC\n314;3160s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3160s BC\n3150s BC\n3140s BC\n313;3150s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3150s BC\n3140s BC\n3130s BC\n312;3140s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3140s BC\n3130s BC\n3120s BC\n311;3130s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3130s BC\n3120s BC\n3110s BC\n310;3120s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3120s BC\n3110s BC\n3100s BC\n\nCa;3110s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
0s BC\n3110s BC\n3100s BC\n\nCategories:;3100s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ic village.\nc. 3190–3170 BC? reign;3190;bc-i;;;;<br />
llage.\nc. 3190–3170 BC? reign of King;3170 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
st Dynasty.\nc. 3100 BC: The earliest;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ion begins.\nc. 3100 BC?: Malta: Const;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
es its apex\nc. 3100 BC?: Sumerian cun;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
g system[0]\nc. 3100 BC?: Beginning of;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lower Egypt\nc. 3100 BC?: Crete: Rise;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ivilization\nc. 3100 BC?: Neolithic se;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
(pictured)\nc. 3100 BC?: Earliest bui;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
onstructed.\nc. 3100 BC?: New Stone Ag;3100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Template:Centuries<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_empires&diff=5687Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle Eastern empires2023-11-20T21:00:05Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
mpire@.\n\n\n3000–2000 BCE: Ancient Middl;2000 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
rial extent c. 2600 BCE, often describ;2600 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ursili I in c. 1600 BCE.\n\nAkkadian Emp;1600 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
on of Akkad c. 2300 BCE\nThe Akkadian E;2300 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
nasty of Ur c. 2100 BCE\nThe Third Dyna;2100 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
Mesopotamia.\n\n1800–1200 BCE: the;1800;bc-i;;;;<br />
potamia.\n\n1800–1200 BCE: the Babylonia;1200 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
rus the Great (539), the city its;539;bc-y;;;;<br />
test extent c. 1400 BCE\nMitanni was th;1400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
me time in the 15th c@entury durin;15th;bc-c;;;;<br />
n and Syria c. 1450 BCE\nFrom 1560 to 1;1450 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ion needed]\nBy 1400 BCE, the Egyptian;1400 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ttite rule ca. 1350–1300 BCE repre;1350;bc-i;;;;<br />
rule ca. 1350–1300 BCE represented by;1300 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ime from about 1500 to1250 BCE. Me;1500;bc-i;;;;<br />
m about 1500 to1250 BCE. Merneptah, wh;1250 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
posedly in the 17th or 16th c@entu;17th;bc-c;;;;<br />
in the 17th or 16th c@enturies.\n\n1;16th;bc-c;;;;<br />
h c@enturies.\n\n1200 BCE – 1100 BCE: El;1200 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
s.\n\n1200 BCE – 1100 BCE: Elamite Empir;1100 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
e c@enturies.\n\n1000 BCE – 550 BCE: the;1000 BCE;bc-i;;;;<br />
ods, Volume 1 (2700–2350 BC). Univ;2700;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socii&diff=5686Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socii2023-11-20T18:52:06Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
n Italy around 100 BC. Roman Cives i;100 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
f Piedmont. By 400 BC, they had over;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
reek cities in 264 were all coast;264;bc-y;;;;<br />
in the period 450–400 BC. Speaki;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
the period 450–400 BC. Speaking the;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
probably after 300. (Indeed, it h;300;bc-y;;;;<br />
before around 625. The same evid;625;bc-y;;;;<br />
ement until c. 500 (and that, con;500;bc-i;;;;<br />
shed before c. 450). There is now;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
t did start in 625 rather than 75;625;bc-y;;;;<br />
25 rather than 753).[0]\nThe Roman;753;bc-y;;;;<br />
overthrown c. 500 BC, probably as a;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
orial decrees (494)\; and the open;494;bc-y;;;;<br />
to plebeians (367). By 338, the;367;bc-y;;;;<br />
ians (367). By 338, the privilege;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
s time (around 300 BC) that the popu;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Republic\nBy c. 300 BC, the Roman Rep;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
amnite Wars in 290, the Senate en;290;bc-y;;;;<br />
he period from 366 to 291, eight;366;bc-y;;;;<br />
od from 366 to 291, eight individ;291;bc-y;;;;<br />
es, while from 289 to 255, none d;289;bc-y;;;;<br />
le from 289 to 255, none did, and;255;bc-y;;;;<br />
in the period 550–500, conventio;550;bc-i;;;;<br />
the period 550–500, conventionall;500;bc-i;;;;<br />
e period after 500 BC. The Sabines,;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
the record in 449 (presumably su;449;bc-y;;;;<br />
unt Algidus in 431.[00] In the sa;431;bc-y;;;;<br />
ng the city in 396. Although the;396;bc-y;;;;<br />
subsequent to 390 appears a virt;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
th Carthage c. 348 seems to descr;348;bc-y;;;;<br />
hern Italy, c. 500 BC. The coin is i;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
t Punic War in 264 saw an explosi;264;bc-y;;;;<br />
of Pyrrhus in 275 saw a further;275;bc-y;;;;<br />
established in 273. In the North,;273;bc-y;;;;<br />
at Ariminum in 268. By 264, Rome;268;bc-y;;;;<br />
num in 268. By 264, Rome controll;264;bc-y;;;;<br />
can city until 500 BC was sited on v;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
uired walls by 400. Etruscan cult;400;bc-i;;;;<br />
t Tarquinii in 358.[00] It took t;358;bc-y;;;;<br />
and four wars (480–390) just to r;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
four wars (480–390) just to reduc;390;bc-y;;;;<br />
in the period 338–263 outnumbere;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
the period 338–263 outnumbered th;263;bc-y;;;;<br />
gues.\nThe post-338 Latin colonies;338;bc-y;;;;<br />
antly, when in 297–3 Rome faced i;297;bc-y;;;;<br />
y, when in 297–3 Rome faced its;3;bc-y;;;293;<br />
e of Sentinum (295), where a huge;295;bc-y;;;;<br />
to withdraw in 275, but it was no;275;bc-y;;;;<br />
was not until 272 that the rebel;272;bc-y;;;;<br />
ibal's army in 212, although the;212;bc-y;;;;<br />
he period from 214 to 203, the Ro;214;bc-y;;;;<br />
od from 214 to 203, the Romans de;203;bc-y;;;;<br />
in the period 214–203 (and 240,0;214;bc-y;;;;<br />
the period 214–203 (and 240,000 i;203;bc-y;;;;<br />
al strength in 225.[00] As for th;225;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts manpower in 225 was probably c;225;bc-y;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_9th_century_BC&diff=5685Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of state leaders in the 9th century BC2023-11-20T18:42:27Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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ry BC\n\nDecades\n890s BC\n880s BC\n870s;890s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
ecades\n890s BC\n880s BC\n870s BC\n860s;880s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
90s BC\n880s BC\n870s BC\n860s BC\n850s;870s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
80s BC\n870s BC\n860s BC\n850s BC\n840s;860s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
70s BC\n860s BC\n850s BC\n840s BC\n830s;850s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
60s BC\n850s BC\n840s BC\n830s BC\n820s;840s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
50s BC\n840s BC\n830s BC\n820s BC\n810s;830s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
40s BC\n830s BC\n820s BC\n810s BC\n800s;820s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
30s BC\n820s BC\n810s BC\n800s BC\n\nCat;810s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
20s BC\n810s BC\n800s BC\n\nCategories:;800s ;bc-sd;;;;<br />
)\nZimri, King (876 885 BC)\nOmri,;876;bc-y;;;;<br />
Template:State leaders by century<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Kush&diff=5684Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of monarchs of Kush2023-11-19T23:25:21Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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Tantamani\n\n664–after 656 BCE[;664;bc-y;;;;<br />
gamenes I)\n\nc. 270–middle 3rd c@e;270;bc-y;;;;<br />
the\nc@enturies BCE – CE, or in th;BCE;bc-at;;;;<br />
nity: From the third millennium to;third;bc-m;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia&diff=5683Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia2023-11-19T23:17:00Z<p>Karen: </p>
<hr />
<div><poem><nowiki><br />
s BC (as Lukka)1250–546 BCSuccessi;1250;bc-i;;;;<br />
s in Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.\nThe bo;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.\nThe borders o;380 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
an Obelisk (c. 400 BC), a funerary p;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ate from about 400 BC;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
between about 500 BC and no later t;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
no later than 300 BC, in a unique a;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ot long before 500 BC.[00] Lycia pro;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ometime in the 4th c@entury, afte;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
after the year 300 BC has yet been f;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
a league of c. 1250 BC, appearing as;1250 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia coin, c. 520–470 BC.\nAccord;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
a coin, c. 520–470 BC.\nAccording to;470 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
uler Kybernis (520–480 BC), Harpy;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Kybernis (520–480 BC), Harpy Tomb@.;480 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
or of Lycia in 546, Fellows conje;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
nis on top (c. 480 BC).\nTo the inscr;480 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
approximately 480–440. Harpagos;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
roximately 480–440. Harpagos was;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
n of Darius I (522–486), the tabl;522;bc-y;;;;<br />
Darius I (522–486), the tablets;486;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts dating from 509.[00]\n\nOgival t;509;bc-y;;;;<br />
e survivors of 546 were in fact h;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
to the window, 520–500.[00] The d;520;bc-y;;;;<br />
he window, 520–500.[00] The date;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
n more towards 500.[00]\nThere is;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
e satrapies in 525, and that on t;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
ge\nStatus\nDate BC\n\n\nPre-dynastic;BC;bc-at;;;;<br />
stic period (c.540–c.530 BC)\n\n\n\nI;540;bc-i;;;;<br />
eriod (c.540–c.530 BC)\n\n\n\nInitial Ac;530 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
/539 BC.[00]\nc.540–c.530\n\n\nKosika;540;bc-i;;;;<br />
C.[00]\nc.540–c.530\n\n\nKosikas\nKhez;530;bc-i;;;;<br />
of the line.\nc.525\n\n\nKubernis\nKUB;525;bc-i;;;;<br />
the former.\nc.520–480\n\n\nKosikas;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
former.\nc.520–480\n\n\nKosikas\n\nKhe;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
ga I ?).\nfl. c.500\n\n\n?\nKuprlli (Κ;500;bc-i;;;;<br />
coin legends.\n480–c.440\n\n\nDuring;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
legends.\n480–c.440\n\n\nDuring Kuprl;440;bc-i;;;;<br />
ththiweibi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosik;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
iweibi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosikas\n(;430;bc-i;;;;<br />
bi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosikas\n(Khe;20;bc-i;;;420;<br />
ied young.\n† c.460\n\n\nHarpagus (Ir;460;bc-i;;;;<br />
ent.[00]\nfl. c.450\n\n\nGergis\nKheri;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
ing himself.\nc.440-c.410\n\n\n?\nKher;440;bc-i;;;;<br />
mself.\nc.440-c.410\n\n\n?\nKherei\n\n\nS;410;bc-i;;;;<br />
of Kheriga.\nc.410–c.390\n\n\nArbina;410;bc-i;;;;<br />
eriga.\nc.410–c.390\n\n\nArbinas (Ira;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
of the line.\nc.390–c.380\n\n\nArtemb;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
line.\nc.390–c.380\n\n\nArtembares (;380;bc-i;;;;<br />
by Perikle.\nc.380–c.360\n\n\nMithra;380;bc-i;;;;<br />
rikle.\nc.380–c.360\n\n\nMithrapata;360;bc-i;;;;<br />
stern Lycia.\nc.390–c.370\n\n\nPericl;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia.\nc.390–c.370\n\n\nPericles (Gr;370;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycian king.\nc.360\n\nClassical per;360;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycians in 168–7 BC.[00]\nStrabo wr;7 BC;bc-y;;;167;<br />
dated to late 46/early 45 BC th;46;bc-y;;;;<br />
assical World: 500 BC – AD 600. New;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
atastrophe ca. 1200 B.C@. Princeton: P;1200 B.C;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia&diff=5682Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia2023-11-19T23:13:53Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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<div><poem><nowiki><br />
s BC (as Lukka)1250–546 BCSuccessi;1250;bc-i;;;;<br />
s in Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.\nThe bo;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.\nThe borders o;380 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
an Obelisk (c. 400 BC), a funerary p;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ate from about 400 BC;400 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
between about 500 BC and no later t;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
no later than 300 BC, in a unique a;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ot long before 500 BC.[00] Lycia pro;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
ometime in the 4th c@entury, afte;4th;bc-c;;;;<br />
after the year 300 BC has yet been f;300 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
a league of c. 1250 BC, appearing as;1250 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia coin, c. 520–470 BC.\nAccord;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
a coin, c. 520–470 BC.\nAccording to;470 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
uler Kybernis (520–480 BC), Harpy;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
Kybernis (520–480 BC), Harpy Tomb@.;480 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
or of Lycia in 546, Fellows conje;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
nis on top (c. 480 BC).\nTo the inscr;480 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
approximately 480–440. Harpagos;480;bc-y;;;;<br />
roximately 480–440. Harpagos was;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
n of Darius I (522–486), the tabl;522;bc-y;;;;<br />
Darius I (522–486), the tablets;486;bc-y;;;;<br />
ts dating from 509.[00]\n\nOgival t;509;bc-y;;;;<br />
e survivors of 546 were in fact h;546;bc-y;;;;<br />
to the window, 520–500.[00] The d;520;bc-y;;;;<br />
he window, 520–500.[00] The date;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
n more towards 500.[00]\nThere is;500;bc-y;;;;<br />
e satrapies in 525, and that on t;525;bc-y;;;;<br />
ge\nStatus\nDate BC\n\n\nPre-dynastic;BC;bc-at;;;;<br />
stic period (c.540–c.530 BC)\n\n\n\nI;540;bc-i;;;;<br />
eriod (c.540–c.530 BC)\n\n\n\nInitial Ac;530 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
/539 BC.[00]\nc.540–c.530\n\n\nKosika;540;bc-i;;;;<br />
C.[00]\nc.540–c.530\n\n\nKosikas\nKhez;530;bc-i;;;;<br />
of the line.\nc.525\n\n\nKubernis\nKUB;525;bc-i;;;;<br />
the former.\nc.520–480\n\n\nKosikas;520;bc-i;;;;<br />
former.\nc.520–480\n\n\nKosikas\n\nKhe;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
ga I ?).\nfl. c.500\n\n\n?\nKuprlli (Κ;500;bc-i;;;;<br />
coin legends.\n480–c.440\n\n\nDuring;480;bc-i;;;;<br />
legends.\n480–c.440\n\n\nDuring Kuprl;440;bc-i;;;;<br />
ththiweibi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosik;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
iweibi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosikas\n(;430;bc-i;;;;<br />
bi\n\n\nc.450–430/20\n\n\nKosikas\n(Khe;20;bc-i;;;420;<br />
ied young.\n† c.460\n\n\nHarpagus (Ir;460;bc-i;;;;<br />
ent.[00]\nfl. c.450\n\n\nGergis\nKheri;450;bc-i;;;;<br />
ing himself.\nc.440-c.410\n\n\n?\nKher;440;bc-i;;;;<br />
mself.\nc.440-c.410\n\n\n?\nKherei\n\n\nS;410;bc-i;;;;<br />
of Kheriga.\nc.410–c.390\n\n\nArbina;410;bc-i;;;;<br />
eriga.\nc.410–c.390\n\n\nArbinas (Ira;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
of the line.\nc.390–c.380\n\n\nArtemb;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
line.\nc.390–c.380\n\n\nArtembares (;380;bc-i;;;;<br />
by Perikle.\nc.380–c.360\n\n\nMithra;380;bc-i;;;;<br />
rikle.\nc.380–c.360\n\n\nMithrapata;360;bc-i;;;;<br />
stern Lycia.\nc.390–c.370\n\n\nPericl;390;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycia.\nc.390–c.370\n\n\nPericles (Gr;370;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycian king.\nc.360\n\nClassical per;360;bc-i;;;;<br />
Lycians in 168–7 BC.[00]\nStrabo wr;7 BC;bc-y;;;167;<br />
dated to late 45/early 46 BC th;45;bc-y;;;;<br />
assical World: 500 BC – AD 600. New;500 BC;bc-i;;;;<br />
atastrophe ca. 1200 B.C@. Princeton: P;1200 B.C;bc-i;;;;<br />
</nowiki></poem><br />
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_naturalism&diff=5681Dates/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical naturalism2023-11-19T15:47:27Z<p>Karen: </p>
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[[Category:Format version 2]]</div>Karenhttp://timeline.oldera.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dates/livius.org/articles/person/sophocles/&diff=5680Dates/livius.org/articles/person/sophocles/2023-11-18T20:12:22Z<p>Karen: Page created</p>
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es\n\nSophocles (497-406): Athenian;497;bc-y;;;;<br />
Sophocles (497-406): Athenian poe;406;bc-y;;;;<br />
n politics. In 441/440, 428, and;441;bc-y;;;;<br />
litics. In 441/440, 428, and 423/;440;bc-y;;;;<br />
s. In 441/440, 428, and 423/422 h;428;bc-y;;;;<br />
/440, 428, and 423/422 he served;423;bc-y;;;;<br />
, 428, and 423/422 he served as a;422;bc-y;;;;<br />
f this crisis (413). Reportedly,;413;bc-y;;;;<br />
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