Difference between revisions of "HistoryTimelineLayer:French Revolution"
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HistoryTimelineLayer:French Revolution (edit)
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Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker [[Jacques Necker]], popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system.;;;08.25.1788;long | Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker [[Jacques Necker]], popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system.;;;08.25.1788;long | ||
Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled, and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.;;;12.27.1788;long | Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled, and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.;;;12.27.1788;long | ||
(January 1789) The Abbé [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes his famous pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he writes\; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.";;; | (January 1789) The Abbé [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes his famous pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he writes\; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.";;; January 15 1789;long | ||
King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General;;;01.24.1789;long | King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General<\;ref>\;Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, ''Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française'', Robert Laffont, Paris, 1998. (In French)<\;/ref>\;;;;01.24.1789;long | ||
Riots in Paris by workers of the [[Jean-Baptiste Réveillon|Réveillon wallpaper factory]] in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]]. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.;;;04.27.1789;long | Riots in Paris by workers of the [[Jean-Baptiste Réveillon|Réveillon wallpaper factory]] in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]]. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.;;;04.27.1789;long | ||
Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.;;;05.02.1789;long | Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.;;;05.02.1789;long | ||
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[[Marie Thérèse de Choiseul]], the princes of Monaco is executed. Her execution would be one of the last during the Reign of Terror.;;;07.27.1794;long | [[Marie Thérèse de Choiseul]], the princes of Monaco is executed. Her execution would be one of the last during the Reign of Terror.;;;07.27.1794;long | ||
Robespierre gives a violent speech at the Convention, demanding, without naming them, the arrest and punishment of "traitors" in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention first votes to publish the speech, but Billaud-Varenne and Cambon demand names and attack Robespierre. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without action.;;;07.26.1794;long | Robespierre gives a violent speech at the Convention, demanding, without naming them, the arrest and punishment of "traitors" in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention first votes to publish the speech, but Billaud-Varenne and Cambon demand names and attack Robespierre. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without action.;;;07.26.1794;long | ||
At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother [[Augustin Robespierre]], Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. [[François Hanriot]] warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the [[Paris Police Prefecture|police administration]] on [[Île de la Cité]]\; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison. He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.;;;07.27.1794;long | At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother [[Augustin Robespierre]], Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. [[François Hanriot]] warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the [[Paris Police Prefecture|police administration]] on [[Île de la Cité]]\; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison.<\;ref>\;Richard T. Bienvenu (1968) The Ninth of Thermidor, p. 223<\;/ref>\; He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.;;;07.27.1794;long | ||
At two in the morning, soldiers loyal to the Convention take the ''Hôtel de Ville'' without a fight. Robespierre is wounded in the jaw by a gunshot, either from a gendarme or self-inflicted. His brother is badly injured jumping from the window. In the morning, Robespierre and his supporters are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal for formal identification. Since they have been declared outside the law, no trial is considered necessary. In the evening of July 28, Robespierre and his supporters, including his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and Hanriot, 22 in all, are guillotined.;;;07.28.1794;long | At two in the morning, soldiers loyal to the Convention take the ''Hôtel de Ville'' without a fight. Robespierre is wounded in the jaw by a gunshot, either from a gendarme or self-inflicted. His brother is badly injured jumping from the window. In the morning, Robespierre and his supporters are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal for formal identification. Since they have been declared outside the law, no trial is considered necessary. In the evening of July 28, Robespierre and his supporters, including his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and Hanriot, 22 in all, are guillotined.;;;07.28.1794;long | ||
Arrest and execution of seventy allies of Robespierre within the Paris Commune. In all, 106 Robespierrists are guillotined.;;;07.29.1794;long | Arrest and execution of seventy allies of Robespierre within the Paris Commune. In all, 106 Robespierrists are guillotined.;;;07.29.1794;long | ||
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(November 15-17) Decisive victory of Bonaparte over the Austrians at the [[Battle of Arcole]].;;;11.15.1796;long | (November 15-17) Decisive victory of Bonaparte over the Austrians at the [[Battle of Arcole]].;;;11.15.1796;long | ||
Abrogation of the harshest parts of the October 25, 1795 laws punishing ''émigrés'' and refractory priests.;;;12.04.1796;long | Abrogation of the harshest parts of the October 25, 1795 laws punishing ''émigrés'' and refractory priests.;;;12.04.1796;long | ||
(December 15-17 | (December 15-17) Departure from [[Brest, France|Brest]] of a fleet carrying a French army commanded by Hoche [[Expédition d'Irlande|to invade Ireland]].;;;12.15.1796;long | ||
) Departure from [[Brest, France|Brest]] of a fleet carrying a French army commanded by Hoche [[Expédition d'Irlande|to invade Ireland]].;;;12. | (December 24-25) Storms dislocate the [[Expédition d'Irlande|French invasion]] fleet off the coast of Ireland and force it to return to France.;;;12.24.1796;long | ||
(December 24-25) Storms dislocate the [[Expédition d'Irlande|French invasion]] fleet off the coast of Ireland and force it to return to France.;;; | A new Austrian army commanded by General [[József Alvinczi]] is sent to fight General Bonaparte in Italy.;;;01.07.1797;long | ||
A new Austrian army commanded by General [[József Alvinczi]] is sent to fight General Bonaparte in Italy.;;;01. | Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the [[Battle of Rivoli]].;;;01.14.1797;long | ||
Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the [[Battle of Rivoli]].;;; | Surrender of last Austrian forces in Italy, in [[Siege of Mantua (1796–97)|Mantua]], to Bonaparte.;;;02.02.1797;long | ||
Surrender of last Austrian forces in Italy, in [[Siege of Mantua (1796–97)|Mantua]], to Bonaparte.;;;02. | Bonaparte occupies [[Ancona]] to force [[Pope Pius VI]] to negotiate with him. Negotiations begin February 12.;;;02.09.1797;long | ||
Bonaparte occupies [[Ancona]] to force [[Pope Pius VI]] to negotiate with him. Negotiations begin February 12.;;;02. | Defeat of the Spanish fleet, ally of the French, at the [[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|Battle of Cape Saint Vincent]].;;;02.14.1797;long | ||
Defeat of the Spanish fleet, ally of the French, at the [[Battle of Cape St Vincent (1797)|Battle of Cape Saint Vincent]].;;;02. | Pius VI cedes [[Comtat Venaissin]] and the northern portion of the Italian papal states to the new [[Cispadane Republic]].;;;02.19.1797;long | ||
Pius VI cedes [[Comtat Venaissin]] and the northern portion of the Italian papal states to the new [[Cispadane Republic]].;;;02. | Beginning of the trial of Babeuf and his leading followers at the High Court of Justice in [[Vendôme]].;;;02.20.1797;long | ||
Beginning of the trial of Babeuf and his leading followers at the High Court of Justice in [[Vendôme]].;;; | The Directory authorizes French warships to capture U.S. ships, in retaliation for the British-US treaty of February 20, 1796.;;;03.02.1797;long | ||
The Directory authorizes French warships to capture U.S. ships, in retaliation for the British-US treaty of February 20, 1796;;;02. | |||
Bonaparte begins a new offensive in Italy against the army of the [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]].;;;03.09.1797;long | Bonaparte begins a new offensive in Italy against the army of the [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]].;;;03.09.1797;long | ||
French voters are required to take an oath of fidelity to the government before voting on April 18.;;;03.18.1797;long | French voters are required to take an oath of fidelity to the government before voting on April 18.;;;03.18.1797;long | ||