Difference between revisions of "HistoryTimelineLayer:French Revolution"
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HistoryTimelineLayer:French Revolution (view source)
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Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker [[Jacques Necker]], popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system.;;;08.25.1788;long | Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker [[Jacques Necker]], popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system.;;;08.25.1788;long | ||
Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled, and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.;;;12.27.1788;long | Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled, and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.;;;12.27.1788;long | ||
(January 1789) The Abbé [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes his famous pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he writes\; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.";;; | (January 1789) The Abbé [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes his famous pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he writes\; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.";;;01.15.1789;long | ||
King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General;;; | King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General;;;01.24.1789;long | ||
Riots in Paris by workers of the [[Jean-Baptiste Réveillon|Réveillon wallpaper factory]] in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]]. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.;;;04.27.1789;long | Riots in Paris by workers of the [[Jean-Baptiste Réveillon|Réveillon wallpaper factory]] in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]]. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.;;;04.27.1789;long | ||
Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.;;;05.02.1789;long | Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.;;;05.02.1789;long | ||
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Confrontation between the army and crowds in [[Béthune]] over the allocation of grain.;;;02.23.1792;long | Confrontation between the army and crowds in [[Béthune]] over the allocation of grain.;;;02.23.1792;long | ||
The [[Duke of Brunswick]] is named to command a joint Austrian-Prussian invasion of France.;;;03.07.1792;long | The [[Duke of Brunswick]] is named to command a joint Austrian-Prussian invasion of France.;;;03.07.1792;long | ||
The Assembly granted equal rights to free people of color in Haiti. | The Assembly granted equal rights to free people of color in Haiti.;;;04.04.1792;long | ||
The Assembly closes the [[College of Sorbonne|Sorbonne]], a center of conservative theology.;;;04.05.1792;long | The Assembly closes the [[College of Sorbonne|Sorbonne]], a center of conservative theology.;;;04.05.1792;long | ||
The Assembly declares war on the [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|King of Bohemia and Hungary]], i.e. to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].;;;04.20.1792;long | The Assembly declares war on the [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|King of Bohemia and Hungary]], i.e. to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].;;;04.20.1792;long | ||
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The French army occupies [[Liège]].;;;11.28.1792;long | The French army occupies [[Liège]].;;;11.28.1792;long | ||
[[Robespierre]], leader of the Jacobins and First Deputy for Paris in the Convention, demands that the King be put to death.;;;12.03.1792;long | [[Robespierre]], leader of the Jacobins and First Deputy for Paris in the Convention, demands that the King be put to death.;;;12.03.1792;long | ||
Deputies sent by Brussels assembly to the National Convention express gratitude of the Belgian people and request that France officially recognise the independence of Belgium. The Convention adopts immediately the proposed decree.;;; | Deputies sent by Brussels assembly to the National Convention express gratitude of the Belgian people and request that France officially recognise the independence of Belgium. The Convention adopts immediately the proposed decree.;;;12.04.1792;long | ||
At the proposal of [[Jean-Paul Marat]], the Convention rules that each deputy must individually and publicly declare his vote on the death penalty for the King.;;;12.06.1792;long | At the proposal of [[Jean-Paul Marat]], the Convention rules that each deputy must individually and publicly declare his vote on the death penalty for the King.;;;12.06.1792;long | ||
Opening of the [[trial of Louis XVI]] before the Convention.;;;12.10.1792;long | Opening of the [[trial of Louis XVI]] before the Convention.;;;12.10.1792;long | ||
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Death of [[Henri de la Rochejaquelein]], royalist and military leader of the Vendéens, fighting at [[Nuaillé]].;;;01.29.1794;long | Death of [[Henri de la Rochejaquelein]], royalist and military leader of the Vendéens, fighting at [[Nuaillé]].;;;01.29.1794;long | ||
The Convention votes to abolish slavery in French colonies.;;;02.04.1794;long | The Convention votes to abolish slavery in French colonies.;;;02.04.1794;long | ||
Robespierre lectures the Convention on the necessity for the Terror: "The foundations of a popular government in a revolution are virtue and terror\; terror without virtue is disastrous\; and virtue without terror is powerless. The Government of the Revolution is the despotism of liberty over tyranny.";;; | Robespierre lectures the Convention on the necessity for the Terror: "The foundations of a popular government in a revolution are virtue and terror\; terror without virtue is disastrous\; and virtue without terror is powerless. The Government of the Revolution is the despotism of liberty over tyranny.";;;02.05.1794;long | ||
Napoleon Bonaparte is promoted to general for his role in driving the British from Toulon,;;;02.06.1794;long | Napoleon Bonaparte is promoted to general for his role in driving the British from Toulon,;;;02.06.1794;long | ||
Recall of [[Jean-Baptiste Carrier]] from [[Nantes]]. As official delegate of the Convention, he was responsible for the [[drownings at Nantes]] of as many as ten thousand Vendéen prisoners, in barges deliberately sunk in the Loire River.;;;02.06.1794;long | Recall of [[Jean-Baptiste Carrier]] from [[Nantes]]. As official delegate of the Convention, he was responsible for the [[drownings at Nantes]] of as many as ten thousand Vendéen prisoners, in barges deliberately sunk in the Loire River.;;;02.06.1794;long | ||
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At the request of Robespierre, the Convention orders the transfer of the ashes of [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] to the Panthéon.;;;04.14.1794;long | At the request of Robespierre, the Convention orders the transfer of the ashes of [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] to the Panthéon.;;;04.14.1794;long | ||
A report to the Convention by Saint-Just calls from greater centralization of the police under the control of the Committee for Public Safety.;;;04.15.1794;long | A report to the Convention by Saint-Just calls from greater centralization of the police under the control of the Committee for Public Safety.;;;04.15.1794;long | ||
By the Treaty of the Hague, between Britain and Prussia, Britain agrees to fund an army of 62,000 Prussian soldiers to continue the war against France.;;; | By the Treaty of the Hague, between Britain and Prussia, Britain agrees to fund an army of 62,000 Prussian soldiers to continue the war against France.;;;04.19.1794;long | ||
In a report to the Convention, the deputy [[Billaud-Varenne]] delivers a veiled attack against Robespierre: "All people jealous of their liberty should be on guard even against the virtues of those who occupy eminent positions.";;;04.20.1794;long | In a report to the Convention, the deputy [[Billaud-Varenne]] delivers a veiled attack against Robespierre: "All people jealous of their liberty should be on guard even against the virtues of those who occupy eminent positions.";;;04.20.1794;long | ||
[[Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes|Malesherbes]] and the deputés [[Isaac René Guy le Chapelier]] and [[Jacques Guillaume Thouret]], four times elected president of the [[Constituent Assembly]], were taken to the scaffold.;;;04.22.1794;long | [[Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes|Malesherbes]] and the deputés [[Isaac René Guy le Chapelier]] and [[Jacques Guillaume Thouret]], four times elected president of the [[Constituent Assembly]], were taken to the scaffold.;;;04.22.1794;long | ||
Robespierre creates a new Bureau of Police attached to the Committee of Public Safety, in opposition to the existing police under the Committee of General Safety.;;; | Robespierre creates a new Bureau of Police attached to the Committee of Public Safety, in opposition to the existing police under the Committee of General Safety.;;;04.23.1794;long | ||
Robespierre asks the Convention to decree "that the French people recognize the existence of a Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul", and to organize celebrations of the new cult.;;;05.07.1794;long | Robespierre asks the Convention to decree "that the French people recognize the existence of a Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul", and to organize celebrations of the new cult.;;;05.07.1794;long | ||
The chemist [[Antoine Lavoisier]], along with twenty-six other former members of the ''[[Ferme générale]]'', is tried and guillotined.;;;05.08.1794;long | The chemist [[Antoine Lavoisier]], along with twenty-six other former members of the ''[[Ferme générale]]'', is tried and guillotined.;;;05.08.1794;long | ||
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[[Law of 22 Prairial]] - As the prisons are full, the Convention speeds up the trials of those accused. Witnesses are no longer required to testify. From June 11 to July 27, 1,376 prisoners are sentenced to death, with no acquittals, compared with 1251 death sentences in the previous fourteen months. The Convention also gives itself the exclusive right to arrest its own members.;;;06.10.1794;long | [[Law of 22 Prairial]] - As the prisons are full, the Convention speeds up the trials of those accused. Witnesses are no longer required to testify. From June 11 to July 27, 1,376 prisoners are sentenced to death, with no acquittals, compared with 1251 death sentences in the previous fourteen months. The Convention also gives itself the exclusive right to arrest its own members.;;;06.10.1794;long | ||
Without naming names, Robespierre announces to the Convention that he will demand the heads of "intriguers" who are plotting against the Convention.;;;06.12.1794;long | Without naming names, Robespierre announces to the Convention that he will demand the heads of "intriguers" who are plotting against the Convention.;;;06.12.1794;long | ||
Carnot foresightedly despatched a large part of the Parisian artillery to the front.;;; | Carnot foresightedly despatched a large part of the Parisian artillery to the front.;;;06.24.1794;long | ||
French forces under [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan|Jourdan]] defeat the Austrians at the [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Battle of Fleurus]].;;;06.26.1794;long | French forces under [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan|Jourdan]] defeat the Austrians at the [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Battle of Fleurus]].;;;06.26.1794;long | ||
Dispute within the Committee of Public Safety. [[Billaud-Varenne]], [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Carnot]] and [[Collot d'Herbois]] accuse Robespierre of behaving like a dictator. He leaves the Committee and does not return before July 23.;;;06.29.1794;long | Dispute within the Committee of Public Safety. [[Billaud-Varenne]], [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Carnot]] and [[Collot d'Herbois]] accuse Robespierre of behaving like a dictator. He leaves the Committee and does not return before July 23.;;;06.29.1794;long | ||
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[[Marie Thérèse de Choiseul]], the princes of Monaco is executed. Her execution would be one of the last during the Reign of Terror.;;;07.27.1794;long | [[Marie Thérèse de Choiseul]], the princes of Monaco is executed. Her execution would be one of the last during the Reign of Terror.;;;07.27.1794;long | ||
Robespierre gives a violent speech at the Convention, demanding, without naming them, the arrest and punishment of "traitors" in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention first votes to publish the speech, but Billaud-Varenne and Cambon demand names and attack Robespierre. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without action.;;;07.26.1794;long | Robespierre gives a violent speech at the Convention, demanding, without naming them, the arrest and punishment of "traitors" in the Committees of Public Safety and General Security. The Convention first votes to publish the speech, but Billaud-Varenne and Cambon demand names and attack Robespierre. The Convention sends Robespierre's speech to the Committees for further study, without action.;;;07.26.1794;long | ||
At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother [[Augustin Robespierre]], Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. [[François Hanriot]] warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the [[Paris Police Prefecture|police administration]] on [[Île de la Cité]]\; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison. He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.;;; | At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother [[Augustin Robespierre]], Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. [[François Hanriot]] warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the [[Paris Police Prefecture|police administration]] on [[Île de la Cité]]\; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison. He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.;;;07.27.1794;long | ||
At two in the morning, soldiers loyal to the Convention take the ''Hôtel de Ville'' without a fight. Robespierre is wounded in the jaw by a gunshot, either from a gendarme or self-inflicted. His brother is badly injured jumping from the window. In the morning, Robespierre and his supporters are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal for formal identification. Since they have been declared outside the law, no trial is considered necessary. In the evening of July 28, Robespierre and his supporters, including his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and Hanriot, 22 in all, are guillotined.;;;07.28.1794;long | At two in the morning, soldiers loyal to the Convention take the ''Hôtel de Ville'' without a fight. Robespierre is wounded in the jaw by a gunshot, either from a gendarme or self-inflicted. His brother is badly injured jumping from the window. In the morning, Robespierre and his supporters are taken to the Revolutionary Tribunal for formal identification. Since they have been declared outside the law, no trial is considered necessary. In the evening of July 28, Robespierre and his supporters, including his brother, Saint-Just, Couthon and Hanriot, 22 in all, are guillotined.;;;07.28.1794;long | ||
Arrest and execution of seventy allies of Robespierre within the Paris Commune. In all, 106 Robespierrists are guillotined.;;;07.29.1794;long | Arrest and execution of seventy allies of Robespierre within the Paris Commune. In all, 106 Robespierrists are guillotined.;;;07.29.1794;long |