Difference between revisions of "HistoryTimelineLayer:French Revolution"

The treasury suspends payments on the debts of the government.;;;08.16.1788;long

Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker [[Jacques Necker]], popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system.;;;08.25.1788;long

Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled, and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate.;;;12.27.1788;long

(January 1789) The Abbé [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes his famous pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he writes\; "What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.";;; January 15 1789;long

King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General;;;January 24 1789;

Riots in Paris by workers of the [[Jean-Baptiste Réveillon|Réveillon wallpaper factory]] in the [[Faubourg Saint-Antoine]]. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police.;;;04.27.1789;long

Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not.;;;05.02.1789;long

Formal opening of the Estates-General at Versailles.;;;05.05.1789;long

The Deputies of the Third Estate refuse to meet separately from the other Estates, occupy the main hall, and invite the clergy and nobility to join them.;;;05.06.1789;long

The nobility refuses to meet together with the Third Estate, but the clergy hesitates, and suspends the verification of its deputies.;;;05.11.1789;long

The clergy renounces its special tax privileges, and accepts the principle of fiscal equality.;;;05.20.1789;long

The nobility renounces its special tax privileges. However, the three estates are unable to agree on a common program.;;;05.22.1789;long

The Third Estate deputies from Paris, delayed by election procedures, arrive in Versailles.;;;05.25.1789;long

The scientist [[Jean Sylvain Bailly]] is chosen the leader of the Third Estate deputies.;;;06.03.1789;long

Upon the death of seven-year-old [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France|Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France]], the eldest son and heir of Louis XVI, his four-year-old brother, [[Louis XVII of France|Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy]], becomes the new Dauphin.;;;06.04.1789;long

The deputies of the nobility reject a compromise program proposed by finance minister [[Jacques Necker]].;;;06.06.1789;long

At the suggestion of [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès|Sieyès]], the Third Estate deputies decide to hold their own meeting, and invite the other Estates to join them.;;;06.10.1789;long

(June 13-14) Nine deputies from the clergy decide to join the meeting of the Third Estate.;;;06.13.1789;long

On the proposal of Sieyés, the deputies of the Third Estate declare themselves the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]]. To ensure popular support, they decree that taxes need only be paid while the Assembly is in session.;;;06.17.1789;long

By a vote of 149 to 137, the deputies of the clergy join the assembly of the Third Estate.;;;06.19.1789;long

On the orders of Louis XVI, the meeting hall of the Third Estate is closed and locked. At the suggestion of Dr. [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]], the deputies gather instead in the indoor tennis court, where they swear not to separate until they have given France a new Constitution (the [[Tennis Court Oath]]).;;;06.20.1789;long

The Royal Council rejects the financial program of Minister Necker.;;;06.21.1789;long

The new National Assembly meets in the [[Versailles Cathedral|church of Saint Louis]] in Versailles. One hundred fifty deputies from the clergy attend, along with two deputies from the nobility.;;;06.22.1789;long

Louis XVI personally addresses the Estates-General (a ''Séance royale''), where he invalidates the decisions of the National Assembly and instructs the three estates to continue to meet separately. The king departs followed by the Second- and most of the First-Estate deputies, but the Third-Estate deputies remain in the hall. When the king's master of ceremonies reminds them that Louis has invalidated their decrees, the [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Comte de Mirabeau]], Third-Estate deputy from Aix, boldly shouts that "we are assembled here by the will of the people" and that they would "leave only at the point of a bayonet".;;;06.23.1789;long

48 nobles, headed by [[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]], join the Assembly.;;;06.25.1789;long

Louis XVI reverses course, instructs the nobility and clergy to meet with the other estates, and recognizes the new Assembly. At the same time, he orders reliable military units, largely composed of Swiss and German mercenaries, to Paris.;;;06.27.1789;long

A crowd invades the prison of the Abbey of [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]] and liberates soldiers who had been imprisoned for attending meetings of political clubs.;;;06.30.1789;long

The National Assembly forms a committee of thirty members to write a new Constitution.;;;07.06.1789;long

As tensions mount, the [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Comte de Mirabeau]], Third-Estate deputy from Aix, demands that the [[Gardes Françaises]] of the [[Maison militaire du roi de France|military household of the king of France]] be moved out of Paris, and that a new civil guard be created within the city.;;;07.08.1789;long

The National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]].;;;07.09.1789;long

Louis XVI abruptly dismisses Necker. Parisians respond by burning the unpopular customs barriers, and invading and looting the monastery of the [[Congregation of the Mission|''Lazaristes'']]. Skirmishes between the cavalrymen of the [[Régiment de Royal-Allemand cavalerie|Régiment de Royal-Allemand]] of the King's Guard and the angry crowd outside the [[Tuileries Palace]]. The ''Gardes Françaises'' largely take the side of the crowd.;;;07.11.1789;long

The National Assembly declares itself in permanent session. At the [[Hôtel de Ville, Paris|''Hôtel de Ville'']], city leaders begin to form a governing committee and an armed militia.;;;07.13.1789;long

[[Storming of the Bastille]]. A large armed crowd besieges the Bastille, which holds only seven prisoners but has a large supply of gunpowder, which the crowd wants. After several hours of resistance, the governor of the fortress [[Bernard-René de Launay|de Launay]], finally surrenders\; as he exits, he is killed by the crowd. The crowd also kills [[Jacques de Flesselles|de Flesselles]], the provost of the Paris merchants.;;;07.14.1789;long

The astronomer and mathematician [[Jean Sylvain Bailly]] is named mayor of Paris, and [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]] is appointed Commander of the newly formed [[National Guard (France)|National Guard]].;;;07.15.1789;long

The King reinstates Necker as finance minister and withdraws royal troops from the center of the city. The new elected Paris assembly votes the destruction of the Bastille fortress. Similar committees and local militias are formed in [[Lyon]], [[Rennes]], and in other large French cities.;;;07.16.1789;long

The King visits Paris, where he is welcomed at the ''Hôtel de Ville'' by Bailly and Lafayette, and wears the tricolor [[cockade]]. Sensing what is ahead, several prominent members of the nobility, including the [[Charles X of France|Count of Artois]], the [[Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé|Prince de Condé]], the [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien|Duke of Enghien]], the [[Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil|Baron de Breteuil]], the [[Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie|Duke of Broglie]], the [[Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac|Duke of Polignac]] and [[Yolande de Polastron|his wife]] become the first of a wave of ''[[émigré]]s'' to leave France.;;;07.17.1789;long

[[Camille Desmoulins]] begins publication of 'La France libre', demanding a much more radical revolution and calling for a republic arguing that revolutionary violence is justified.;;;07.18.1789;long

An armed mob on the [[Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération|''Place de Grève'']] massacres [[Louis Bénigne François Berthier de Sauvigny|Berthier de Sauvigny]], Intendant of Paris, and his father-in-law, accused of speculating in grain.;;;07.22.1789;long

Riots and peasant revolts in Strasbourg (July 21), Le Mans (July 23), Colmar, Alsace, and Hainaut (July 25).;;;07.21.1789;08.01.1789

[[Jacques Pierre Brissot]] begins publication of ''Le Patriote français'', an influential newspaper of the revolutionary movement known as the [[Girondins]].;;;07.28.1789;long

The King appoints a government of reformist ministers around Necker. The Assembly votes to abolish the privileges and feudal rights of the nobility.;;;08.04.1789;long

Publication of "A plot uncovered to lull the people to sleep" by [[Jean-Paul Marat]], denouncing the reforms of August 4 as insufficient and demanding a much more radical revolution. Marat quickly becomes the voice of the most turbulent ''[[sans culottes|sans-culottes]]'' faction of the Revolution.;;;08.07.1789;long

The Assembly proclaims freedom of religious opinions.;;;08.23.1789;long

The Assembly proclaims freedom of speech.;;;08.24.1789;long

Deputies sent by Brussels assembly to the National Convention express gratitude of the Belgian people and request that France officially recognise the independence of Belgium. The Convention adopts immediately the proposed decree.;;;December 4 1792;

Robespierre lectures the Convention on the necessity for the Terror: "The foundations of a popular government in a revolution are virtue and terror\; terror without virtue is disastrous\; and virtue without terror is powerless. The Government of the Revolution is the despotism of liberty over tyranny.";;;February 5 1794;

By the Treaty of the Hague, between Britain and Prussia, Britain agrees to fund an army of 62,000 Prussian soldiers to continue the war against France.;;;April 19 1794;

Robespierre creates a new Bureau of Police attached to the Committee of Public Safety, in opposition to the existing police under the Committee of General Safety.;;;April 23 1794;

Carnot foresightedly despatched a large part of the Parisian artillery to the front.;;;June 24 1794;

At noon, Saint-Just began his speech in the convention, prepared to blame everything on Billaud, Collot d'Herbois and Carnot. After a few minutes, Tallien interrupted him and began the attack. When the accusations began to pile up the Convention voted the arrest of Robespierre, and of his younger brother [[Augustin Robespierre]], Saint-Just, Couthon and Lebas. [[François Hanriot]] warned the sections that there would be an attempt to murder Robespierre and mobilized 2,400 National Guards in front of the town hall. In the meantime the five were taken to a prison, but refused by the jailors. An administrator of the police took Robespierre the older around 8 p.m. to the [[Paris Police Prefecture|police administration]] on [[Île de la Cité]]\; Robespierre insisted being received in a prison. He hesitated for legal reasons for possibly two hours. At around 10 p.m. the mayor appointed a delegation to go and convince Robespierre to join the Commune movement. Then the Convention declared the five deputies (plus the supporting members) to be outlaws. They expected crowds of supporters to join them during the night, but most left losing time in fruitless deliberation, without supplies or instructions.;;;July 27 1794;