Editing HistoryTimelineLayer:Classical Period of Greece

colors:
#196280
sources:
Timeline of ancient Greece
events:
Aegina and Andros are impressed into the Hellenic League;;;;-480;;
[[Emporion]] ousts Carthaginian influences;;;;-480;;
[[Leonidas]], [[Sparta]]n, sacrifices 300 Spartan soldiers at the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] so main force can escape\; [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] son of Darius is commanding the Persians.;;;;-480;;
Croton, Leucas and Corcyra joins the Hellenic League;;;;-480;;
Simultaneous with Thermopylae, the Greeks and Persians fight to a draw in the naval [[Battle of Artemisium]].;;;;-480;;
Boeotia, [[Attica]] and [[Phocis]] are occupied by Persia;;;;-480;;
[[Battle of Salamis]]: [[Themistocles]], Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of [[Battle of Salamis|Salamis]], Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]].;;;;-480;;
Possibly simultaneous with the Battle of Salamis, [[Battle of Himera (480 BC)|Battle of Himera]] between Carthage and Akragas (Theron)-Syracuse (Gelon)-Himera (Thrasydaeus);;;;-480;;
[[Pausanias (general)|Pausanias]], Greek general routs [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]] at the [[Battle of Plataea]].;;;;-479;;
[[Battle of Mycale]];;;;-479;;
Rhodes, Samos, Kos and many Greek cities in Persia begin to declare independence;;;;-479;;
Paros is vassalized by Athens;;;;-479;;
Athens annexes [[Tenedos]];;;;-479;;
[[Sestos]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-479;;
Boeotian League is dissolved by Hellenic League;;;;-479;;
[[Sicels|Sicel]] [[Ducetius]] overthrows [[Miniu]];;;;-479;;
[[Byzantium]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-478;;
[[Delian League]] is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia, [[Delos]], [[Kos]], Euboea, [[Tilos]], Rhodes, [[Karpathos]], Athenai, Paros, Troezen, [[Sifnos]], Doris, Aeolis, Andros, [[Aenea (city)|Aenea]], Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others;;;;-478;;
Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron, [[Polyzelos]] is put in control of Gela;;;;-478;;
The Persian Empire abandons [[Europe]] except [[Doriscus|Doriskus]] and [[Eion]];;;;-477;;
Chalcedon, Byzantium, Carystus, [[Enez|Ainos]], Perinthos and others join the Delian League;;;;-477;;
Andros is turned into an Athenian [[Cleruchy|cleurchy]];;;;-477;;
[[Micythus]] becomes Tyrant of Rhegion after Anaxilas' death;;;;-476;;
Catania is split between Hieron and Ducetius, Catania is renamed [[Catania|Aetna]], settled by Dorians and ruled by the Tyrant [[Deinmenes the Younger|Deinmenes II]];;;;-476;;
Taras allies with Rhegion to protect themselves from the Iapygians, but later lose to them in battle;;;;-476;;
Himera is settled by [[Doric Greek|Doric]] colonists;;;;-476;;
Sybaris declares independence from Kroton;;;;-476;;
Cimon elected general each year;Cimon;;;-476;-462;
Sybaris is annexed by Kroton;;;;-475;;
Abdera and Eion join the Delian League;;;;-475;;
[[Skyros]] is annexed by Athens;;;;-475;;
[[Battle of Cumae]];;;;-474;;
Naxos joins the Delian League;;;;-474;;
Hieron occupies the [[Parthenopaean Islands|Parthenopean Islands]];;;;-474;;
[[Pindar]], Greek poet relocates to [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] (in Greece) from court at [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]].;;;;-474;;
Taras is defeated by the Iapygians;;;;-473;;
Thrasydaeus annexes Akragas after death of Theron;;;;-472;;
Naxos leaves the Delian League and is subsequently sieged by Athens;;;;-471;;
[[Themistocles]] [[ostracism|ostracized]].;;;;-471;;
[[Dénia]], ''Hēmeroskopeion'' is founded by [[Greeks in France|Massaliot Greeks]]. The town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium or Dianium, named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess [[Artemis]] was called Diana in Latin).;;;;-470;;
Naxos is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-470;;
Ducetius annexes Ergezio;;;;-470;;
The new urban zone of [[Naples|Neápolis]] was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of [[Cumae]] on the plain of [[History of Naples|Parthenope]] after the victorious [[Battle of Cumae]];;;;-470;;
[[Troy|Illios]] is annexed by Mytilene;;;;-469;;
Klazomenai, Phaselis, Aspendos, Doris and Priene join the Delian League;;;;-469;;
Thrasydaeus is overthrown by Akragas;;;;-468;;
[[Sophocles]], Greek playwright, defeats [[Aeschylus]] for Athenian Prize for drama.;;;;-468;;
Micythus steps down to [[Leophron]];;;;-467;;
Taras is defeated by the Iapygians;;;;-466;;
Taras' monarchy is overthrown by democrats;;;;-466;;
[[Thrasybulus of Syracuse|Thrasybulos]] succeeds Hieron;;;;-466;;
[[Thasus]] leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-465;;
Abydos and Troad join the Delian League;;;;-465;;
Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Athens;;;;-465;;
Deinmenes II, Aenesidemus, Thrasybulos and Polyzelos are overthrown by their respective cities;;;;-465;;
Thasus is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-463;;
Megara leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-462;;
Catania, Naxos and Catania declare independence from Syracuse, Dorian settlers are removed from Catania;;;;-461;;
Kamarina is refounded under the Tyranny of [[Psaumis of Camarina|Psaumis]];;;;-461;;
[[Cimon]] ostracized.;;;;-461;;
Thera joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-461;;
Messene and Rhegion separate and oust Leophron;;;;-461;;
Taras defeats the Iapygians;;;;-460;;
Aetna is founded;;;;-460;;
[[First Peloponnesian War]] Starts;;;;-460;;
Aegina is sieged by Athens;;;;-459;;
[[Morgantina]] is annexed by Ducetius;;;;-459;;
Siege of Memphis, destruction of the Athenian fleet by Megabyzus;Wars of the Delian League;;;-459;-455;
Imbros is annexed by Athens;;;;-458;;
Aegina is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-457;;
Delphi is annexed by Phocis;;;;-457;;
[[Pericles]], Athenian statesman begins [[Golden Age]], he was taught by [[Anaxagoras]], who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms.;;;;-457;;
Boeotia (Except Thebes), Phocis and Locris join the Delian League;;;;-457;;
Gythium is raided by Athens;;;;-456;;
[[Zakynthos]] joins the Delian League;;;;-456;;
[[Enna|Castrugiuvanni (Enna)]] join Ducetius;;;;-456;;
[[Aeschylus]] dies.;;;;-456;;
[[Nafpaktos]] is impressed into the Delian League and settled with Messenian [[Helots]];;;;-455;;
[[Abacaenum]] is annexed by Ducetius;;;;-454;;
Movement of Delian treasury to Athens and start of the First Athenian Empire;;;;-454;;
Athenian annexation of Delos;;;;-454;;
[[Palike]] is founded by Ducetius;;;;-453;;
Akragas and Aetna are annexed by Ducetius, Ducetius sieges Motyon;;;;-452;;
[[Sybaris|Nea Sybaris]] is founded by Sybarites;;;;-452;;
Athens sieges [[Kition]];;;;-451;;
[[Motyon]] is occupied by Ducetius;;;;-451;;
Naxos becomes a cleurchy;;;;-450;;
Akragas and Motyon are liberated from Ducetius starting a decades long conflict between Syracuse+friends and the Sicels;;;;-450;;
Delphi declares independence from Phocis;;;;-449;;
Ducetius abandons the [[Sicel Federation]] he created and is forced to go into exile at Korinth;;;;-449;;
Morgantina is annexed Syracuse;;;;-449;;
[[Herodotus]], Greek Historian, writes [[Greco-Persian Wars#Sources|History of Greco-Persian War]] from [490]–[479 BC].;;;;-449;;
Delphi is annexed by Phocis;;;;-448;;
[[Ictinus]] and [[Callicrates]], Greek architects, begin construction of the [[Parthenon]].;;;;-447;;
Nea Sybaris is annexed by Kroton;;;;-447;;
Chalcis leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-447;;
Phocis, Locris and Boeotia leave the Delian League, Boeotia unites into the Boeotian League and joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-446;;
Megara joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-446;;
[[Kale Akte]] is founded by Ducetius;;;;-446;;
[[Achaea]] and [[Troezen|Trozen]] leave the Peloponnesian League and join the Delian League;;;;-446;;
Euboean Revolt;;;;-446;-445;
Euboea is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-445;;
[[Hestiaea (Attica)|Histiaea]] becomes an Athenian cleurchy;;;;-445;;
First Peloponnesian War Ends;;;;-445;;
Troezen is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-445;;
Thurii is founded by Sybarites and Various [[Greeks|Hellenes]];;;;-443;;
[[Euripides]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.;;;;-441;;
[[Sybaris on the Traeis]] is founded by Sybarites exiled from Thurii;;;;-441;;
Samos leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-440;;
Palike is destroyed, ending the Sicel Federation;;;;-440;;
Ducetius dies;;;;-440;;
Samos is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-439;;
Founding of the [[Bosporan Kingdom]];;;;-438;;
Newly founded [[Amphipolis]] annexes Eion;;;;-437;;
Athens allies with [[Messapians|Messapia]];;;;-437;;
[[Taulantii]]-Epidamos War;;;;-436;;
[[Phidias]], Greek sculptor, completes statue of Zeus at Elis, 1 of 7 wonders of the world.;;;;-435;;
Epidamos becomes a democracy;;;;-434;;
Epidamos is annexed by Korinth;;;;-434;;
Kerkyra allies with Taulantii and siege Epidamos;;;;-434;;
Kerkyra seizes Outer Epidamos (City);;;;-434;;
[[Battle of Leukimme]];;;;-434;;
Kerkyra raids [[Kastro-Kyllini|Kyllene]];;;;-434;;
Kerkyra joins Delian League;;;;-434;;
[[Battle of Sybota]];;;;-433;;
[[Anaktorio|Anactorium]] is annexed by Korinth;;;;-433;;
Psaumis dies;;;;-432;;
Potidaea leaves the Delian League and is [[Battle of Potidaea|sieged]] by Athens;;;;-432;;
[[Pydna]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-432;;
End of "Golden Age" of Athens;;;;-432;;
[[Sparta]] commanded by King [[Archidamus II]] prepares to destroy [[Athens]] thus starting the [[Peloponnesian War]].;;;;-431;;
Plataea is sieged by Thebes;;;;-431;;
[[Pagae]] and [[Atalanta (island)|Atalanta]] is occupied by Athens;;;;-431;;
Aegina is annexed by Athens;;;;-431;;
[[Empedocles]], Greek doctor, believes body has [[Four Temperaments]].;;;;-431;;
Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna;;;;-430;;
[[Herakleion (Pieria)|Herakleion]] is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-430;;
Spartan Siege of Zakynthos (Local Victory);;;;-430;;
Failed peace mission by [[Athens]], [[bubonic plague]] year, [[Sparta]] takes no prisoners.;;;;-430;;
[[Leucippus]], Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause. Athenian Plague begins in Athens.;;;;-430;;
Herakleion is annexed by [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]];;;;-429;;
Potidaea is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-429;;
All Chalkidiki cities (Except Mende, Acanthus, Scione, Stagirus and Aphytis) leave the Delian League;;;;-429;;
Athens Siege of [[Kydonia]] (Local Victory);;;;-429;;
[[Phormio]], Athenian admiral, wins the [[Battle of Chalcis|Battle of Chalcis/Rhium]].;;;;-429;;
[[Pericles]] dies of Athenian Plague, possibly [[typhus]] or [[bubonic plague]].;;;;-429;;
[[Hippocrates]], Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause.;;;;-429;;
First Battle of Naupaktos (Athenian Victory);;;;-429;;
[[Plato]] born.;;;;-428;;
Mytilene and [[Antissa]] leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna;;;;-428;;
Illios joins the Delian League;;;;-428;;
Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities;;;;-427;;
[[Archidamus II]] dies, [[Alcidas]], Greek admiral sent to help [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]], raids [[Ionia]] and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.;;;;-427;;
Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League;;;;-427;;
[[Aristophanes]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize.;;;;-427;;
Corcyran Civil War (Democratic Victory);;;;-427;;
[[First Athenian Intervention in Sicily]] begins;;;;-427;;
Megara occupies Pegae;;;;-426;;
Athens sieges Lecus;;;;-426;;
Pylos, Messene, Mylae, [[Aegitium]] and [[Tichium]] are occupied by Athens, Pylos is founded by escaped [[Helots]];;;;-426;;
[[Battle of Tanagra (426 BC)|Battle of Tanagra]];;;;-426;;
Amfissa joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-426;;
[[Ozolian Locris]] join the Delian League;;;;-426;;
[[Demosthenes (general)|Demosthenes]], Athenian general, and [[Cleon]], Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by [[Nicias]], his first military campaign barely succeeds.;;;;-426;;
Ambrakia occupies [[Olpae]] and [[Argos (Acarnania)|Argos]];;;;-426;;
[[Acarnanian League]] and [[Amfilochia|Amphilochian League]] are founded and join the Delian League;;;;-426;;
Acarnania occupies Olpae and Argos;;;;-425;;
Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at [[Navarino Bay]], [[Nicias]] resigns.;;;;-425;;
Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-425;;
Athens occupies [[Sphacteria]];;;;-425;;
Morgantina is annexed by Kamarina;;;;-425;;
Ozolian Locris joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-425;;
Athens withdraws from Lecas and [[Acarnania]];;;;-425;;
Athens withdraws from Messene and Mylae is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-425;;
Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-424;;
Eion, Akanthus and Amphipolis are sieged by Sparta;;;;-424;;
Stagira joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-424;;
Nisaia, and [[Siphae]] are occupied by Athenai;;;;-424;;
Thyrea is occupied by Athens;;;;-424;;
First Athenian Intervention in Sicily ends;;;;-424;;
[[Pagondas]] of Thebes (in Greece) crushes Athenian army at the [[Battle of Delium]], [[Brasidas]] a Spartan general, has a successful campaign in the [[Chalkidiki|Chalcidice]], Cleon exiles [[Thucydides]] for 20 years for arriving late.;;;;-424;;
Sparta occupied Amphipolis and Scione;;;;-423;;
Torone is occupied by Makedonia;;;;-423;;
Akanthus joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-423;;
[[Truce of Laches]] supposed to stop Brasidas but doesn't, Nicias commands Athenian forces in retaking [[Mende (Chalcidice)|Mende]].;;;;-423;;
Olynthus form the [[Chalcidian League]] independent of the Delian League;;;;-423;;
Stagira is sieged by Athens;;;;-422;;
Neapolis is annexed by Rome;;;;-422;;
Torone and Scione are impressed into the Delian League;;;;-422;;
Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed ([[Battle of Amphipolis]]).;;;;-422;;
Syracuse annexes the now weak Leontini;;;;-422;;
[[Peace of Nicias]] brings temporary end to war, but [[Alcibiades]], a nephew of [[Pericles]], makes anti-Sparta alliance.;;;;-421;;
Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-421;;
Cumae is annexed by [[Osci|Oscans]];;;;-421;;
Athens abandons the Siege of Stagira;;;;-421;;
Delphi declares independence from Phocis;;;;-421;;
Argulus, [[Apollonia (Mygdonia)|Apollonia]], Potidaea, Akanthus, Stageira and others join the Chalcidian League;;;;-421;;
[[Mantineia]], Argos, [[Elis]], [[Sicyon]] and Achaea betray Sparta and switch to the Delian League;;;;-420;;
Athens occupies Epidauros;;;;-419;;
King [[Agis II]] of Sparta attacks Argos, makes treaty.;;;;-419;;
[[Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)|Battle of Mantinea]], greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argos, which violated treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance ended.;;;;-418;;
Orchmenos is occupied by Argos;;;;-418;;
Orchmenos is given to Boeotia;;;;-417;;
Sicyon joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-417;;
Epidauros is occupied by Sparta;;;;-417;;
[[Milos|Melos]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-416;;
Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power.;;;;-416;;
Selinus annexes Segesta's frontier provinces;;;;-416;;
[[Melian dialogue|Massacre of the Melians]].;;;;-416;;
[[Herma]]i statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle ([[Sicilian Expedition]]), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to [[Sparta]].;;;;-415;;
Many Syracusan cities rebel;;;;-415;;
Siege of Syracuse;Siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC);;;-415;-413;
Metapontion allies with Athens;-;;;-414;-413;
[[Lamachus]], Athenian commander killed at Syracuse.;;;;-414;;
Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse;;;;-413;;
Leontini and Kamarina are vassalized by Syracuse;;;;-413;;
Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-413;;
Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-413;;
Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens.;;;;-412;;
Methymna is occupied by Sparta;;;;-412;;
Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-412;;
Chios is sieged by Athens;;;;-412;;
[[Aygrion]] dies and is succeeded by [[Aygris]];;;;-412;;
Sparta allies with Persia;;;;-411;;
Aspendos is annexed by Persia;;;;-411;;
Kyzikus and Klazomenai are impressed into the Delian League;;;;-411;;
[[Oropos]] is occupied by Boeotia;;;;-411;;
Illios is annexes by [[Lampsacene|Lampsacus]];;;;-411;;
Athens abandons the Siege of Chios;;;;-411;;
Sparta leaves Methymna;;;;-411;;
Euboea, Byzantium, Abydos, Andros, Antandrus, Lampsacus, Chalcedon and Rodos betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-411;;
Abydos is overthrown by Dercylidas;;;;-411;;
Selinus attacks Segesta once again and aggravates Carthage;;;;-411;;
Athens is overthrown by the [[The Four Hundred (oligarchy)|Four Hundred]];;;;-411;;
After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon rejects Spartan peace offers.;;;;-410;;
Segesta is annexed by Carthage;;;;-410;;
Four Hundred are overthrown by Athens;;;;-410;;
Antandrus is annexed by Persia;;;;-409;;
Abydos is sieged by Athens;;;;-409;;
Sparta sieges Klazomenai;;;;-409;;
Selinus and Himera are sacked by Carthage;;;;-409;;
Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens.;;;;-409;;
The 3 poleis of [[Rhodes|Rodos]] unite and build a new capital called Rodos;;;;-408;;
Athens sieges Paleopoli;;;;-408;;
Athens abandons Siege of Abydos;;;;-408;;
Sparta abandons the Siege of Klazomenai;;;;-408;;
Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, has fleet built at Ephesus.;;;;-408;;
Thermae is founded by Carthage;;;;-407;;
Athens abandons the Siege of Paleopoli;;;;-407;;
Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power.;;;;-407;;
Sparta sieges Methymna;;;;-406;;
Akragas is sacked by Carthage;;;;-406;;
[[Callicratides]], Spartan naval commander, loses [[Battle of Arginusae]] over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon.;;;;-406;;
Methymna is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-405;;
Syracuse is overthrown by [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius the Elder]];;;;-405;;
Melos is annexed by Sparta;;;;-405;;
Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage;;;;-405;;
Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities;;;;-405;;
Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse;;;;-405;;
Carthage annexes [[Elymians|Elymi]], Sicel and [[Sicani|Sican]] territory;;;;-405;;
The naval '''Battle of [[Aegospotami]]''' in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]] besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.;;;;-405;;
Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence;;;;-405;;
Athens capitulates April 25. [[Theramenes]] secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.;;;;-404;;
Delian League is dissolved;;;;-404;;
Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-404;;
[[Entella]] is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage;;;;-404;;
Aygris becomes a Syracusan Subject;;;;-404;;
Nafpaktos is annexed by Ozolian Locris;;;;-404;;
Athens is overthrown by the [[Thirty Tyrants|Thirty]];;;;-404;;
Athens joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-404;;
Aeimnestus, who is loyal to Dionysius, overthrows Castrugiuvanni;;;;-403;;
Aetna is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-403;;
Dionysius destroys Naxos and Catania and Sicels split Naxos with Syracuse, Catania is ruled by Campanian mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-403;;
Athens overthrows the Thirty;;;;-403;;
Athens leaves the Peloponnesian League and refounds the Delian League;;;;-403;;
Elis leaves the Peloponnesian League and is subsequently sieged by Sparta;;;;-402;;
Euboea joins the Delian League;;;;-401;;
Elis is sacked and impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-401;;
Dionysius free Castrugiuvanni from Aeimnestus;;;;-401;;
Poseidonia is annexed by [[Lucanians]];;;;-401;;
Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of "[[Golden Age of Pericles]]" and Peloponnesian War at his death ([[History of the Peloponnesian War]]).;;;;-401;;
[[Adranon]] is founded by Dionysius;;;;-400;;
Aygris annexes Centuripe;;;;-400;;
[[Democritus]], Greek philosopher, develops [[Atomic theory]], believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing;;;;-400;;
Illios declares independence from Lampsacus;;;;-399;;
Sparta sways Persian Controlled Greek cities near [[Pergamon]] to their side and march on [[Egyptian Larissa]] and siege it;;;;-399;;
[[Socrates]], Greek philosopher, condemned to death for corrupting youth.;;;;-399;;
Ionia joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-398;;
All Carthaginian subjects (Except [[Palermo|Ziz]], their islands, [[Motya]], [[Soluntum|Solus]], Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence from Carthage;;;;-398;;
Dionysius sieges Segesta and Entella;;;;-398;;
Mainland territory of Motya is occupied by Dionysius;;;;-398;;
Motya is destroyed by Dionysius and the Carthaginians build [[Marsala|Lilybaion]] to replace it;;;;-397;;
Dionysius abandons the Sieges of Entella and Segesta;;;;-397;;
Eryx, Segesta, Lipari, Messene and Entella are annexed by Carthage;;;;-397;;
Carthage allies with the Sicel cities except [[Assorus, Sicily|Assorus]];;;;-397;;
[[Taormina|Tauormenion]] is founded by Carthage to be a supply base, settled by Sicels;;;;-397;;
Carthaginian forces have to go the long way around [[Mount Etna]] due to an eruption;;;;-397;;
Catania is occupied by Carthage;;;;-397;;
[[Battle of Catana (397 BC)|Battle of Catania]];;;;-397;;
Syracuse is sieged by Carthage;;;;-397;;
Carthage lifts the [[Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)|Siege of Syracuse]] and abandons Eastern Sicily except Messene and Lipari;;;;-396;;
Himera and Selinus are annexed by Carthage;;;;-396;;
Gela, Ergezio, Catania, Adranon, Kamarina and Leontini are annexed by Dionysius;;;;-396;;
[[Tyndaris]] is founded by Dionysius to combat piracy and a base of operations;;;;-396;;
Persia annexes Rodos;;;;-396;;
Sparta campaigns in [[Phrygia]];;;;-396;;
Sparta campaigns in Ionia, [[Caria]] and march up to [[Sardis]];;;;-395;;
Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League;;;;-395;;
[[Cephaloedium]] is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-395;;
Mylae is annexed by Rhegion;;;;-395;;
Argos, Korinthos and Boeotian League leave the Peloponnesian League;;;;-395;;
Sparta withdraws from [[Anatolia]];;;;-394;;
All Thracian and Anatolian Greek cities leave the Peloponnesian League (Except Sestos and Abydos);;;;-394;;
Virtually all Greek Anatolian cities are annexed by Persia;;;;-394;;
Klazomenaites relocate to an island off shore;;;;-394;;
Mylae is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-394;;
Lipari is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-393;;
[[Italiote League]] is formed by Sybaris on the Traeis, Croton, [[Caulonia (ancient city)|Caulonia]], Thurii, Rhegium and [[Velia]];;;;-393;;
Imbros, Lemnos and Skyros are annexed by Athens;;;;-393;;
Makedonia starts paying tribute to the newly formed [[Dardani|Kingdom of Dardania]];;;;-393;;
Chalcidian League annexes some Makedonian land;;;;-393;;
Sparta occupies [[Lechaio|Lechaeum]];;;;-392;;
Heraclea Minoa, Akragas and Sicani territory are annexed by Carthage;;;;-392;;
Sicel territory is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-392;;
Makedonia stops paying tribute to Dardania;;;;-392;;
Makedonia reannexes the land taken by the Chalcidian League;;;;-392;;
[[Damastion]] is annexed by Dardania;;;;-392;;
Korinth occupies [[Phlius]];;;;-391;;
Tauromenion is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-391;;
Makedonia starts pays tribute to Dardania;;;;-391;;
The [[Acarnanian League]] joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-390;;
Dercylidas is succeeded by [[Anaxibius|Anaxibios]];;;;-390;;
Himera is merged into Thermae;;;;-390;;
Dionysius transfers control of Mylae to Messene;;;;-390;;
Kroton is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-390;;
Argos and Korinth unite into [[Argo-Korinth|Argos-Korinth]];;;;-390;;
Castrugiuvani is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-390;;
Metapontion is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-389;;
Anaxibios is overthrown by Abydos;;;;-389;;
Rhegion is annexed by Syracuse and renamed it to Phoebea;;;;-387;;
[[Peace of Antalcidas]] concluded between the Greeks and the Persians that leads to virtually all Greek cities in Asia Minor being annexed by Persia;;;;-387;;
[[Ancona]] is founded by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] settlers from [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], who gave it its name: ''Ancona'' stems from the Greek word Ἀγκών (Ankòn), meaning "elbow";;;;-387;;
Argos and Korinth split;;;;-387;;
All cities gain independence and all league except the Peloponnesian League are disbanded;;;;-387;;
Phlius becomes a democracy;;;;-386;;
Dardania attacks [[Molossians|Molossia]];;;;-385;;
The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] colonized the island of Pharos ([[Hvar|Hvar, Croatia]]).;;;;-385;;
Dionysius occupies Pyrgi and Caere;;;;-384;;
Chalcidian League annexes Makedonia land including [[Pella]];;;;-384;;
Gela gains independence from Syracuse;;;;-383;;
Dionysius leaves [[Etruscan civilization|Eturia]];;;;-383;;
[[Liburnia]] sieges Pharos;;;;-383;;
Potidaea leaves the Chalcidian League;;;;-383;;
Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias;;;;-382;;
Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-382;;
Sparta sieges Phlius;;;;-380;;
Makedonia recaptures their former territory;;;;-380;;
Kroton is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-379;;
Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-379;;
The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league;;;;-379;;
Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-379;;
Sparta occupies [[Thespiae]];;;;-379;;
[[Themison of Eretria|Themison]] overthrows Eretria;;;;-378;;
The Boeotian League is refounded by Thebes;;;;-377;;
Abdera is sacked by the [[Triballi]] and [[Maroneia]];;;;-376;;
Thespiae and the rest of Boeotia are liberated and join the Boeotian League;;;;-376;;
The Acarnanian League defects from the Peloponnesian League and joins the Delian League;;;;-375;;
Chalcidian League is reestablished by Olynthus and joins the Delian League;;;;-375;;
Kerkyra is sieged by Sparta;;;;-373;;
Sparta leaves Kerkyra;;;;-371;;
Gythium is occupied by Thebes;;;;-370;;
[[Heraclea Sintica]] is founded by Makedonia;;;;-370;;
Korinth is overthrown by [[Timophanes]];;;;-369;;
[[Aetolian League]] is founded;;;;-368;;
[[Daparria]] is annexed by Dardania;;;;-367;;
Kroton is annexed by [[Bruttians|Bruttian League]];;;;-367;;
[[Opos|Opus]] declares independence from Athens with the help of Themison;;;;-366;;
Opus requests Thebes to protect them from Athens and sends a garrison. Opus is impressed into the Boeotian League;;;;-365;;
Timophanes is assassinated;;;;-364;;
Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League and is subsequently sieged by Thebes;;;;-364;;
Orchmenus is impressed into the Boeotian League;;;;-363;;
Pydna is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-363;;
Themison dies and is succeeded by [[Plutarch of Eretria|Plutarch]];;;;-362;;
Potidaea and Torone are impressed into the Delian League and become Athenian Cluerchies;;;;-361;;
Tauromenion overthrows the mercenaries and falls under the tyranny of Andromache;;;;-360;;
Illios is overthrown by [[Charidemus|Charidemos]];;;;-360;;
Abydos is overthrown by [[Iphiades]];;;;-360;;
Charidemos is overthrown by Illios;;;;-359;;
Dardania annexes [[Lake Ohrid]] and [[Upper Macedonia]];;;;-359;;
[[Archelaus (son of Amyntas)|Archelaus]] annexes [[Methone (Pieria), Greece|Methone]], [[Aegae (Macedon)|Aegae]] and Pydna;;;;-359;;
Archelaus is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-358;;
Macedonia reannexes Lake Ohrid, [[Lynkestis]] and Upper Macedonia from Dardania;;;;-358;;
Makedonia annexes [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]];;;;-358;;
[[Social War (357–355 BC)|Social War]] Starts;;;;-357;;
[[Kos]], Khios, Rodos and Byzantium leave the Delian League;;;;-357;;
Makedonia annexes Pydna and Amphipolis;;;;-357;;
Dionysius II is overthrown by [[Dion of Syracuse|Dion]];;;;-357;;
Phocis annexes Delphi;;;;-356;;
Locris is annexed by Dionysius II;;;;-356;;
Lemnos, Samos and Imbros is occupied by Chios and leave the Delian League;;;;-356;;
Makedonia annexes [[Krinides|Crenides]], renames it [[Philippi]] and settles it with Makedonians;;;;-356;;
Makedonian border set on [[Nestos (river)|Nestus]] river;;;;-356;;
Potidaea and [[Anthemous|Anthemus]] are annexed by Chalcidian League;;;;-356;;
Makedonia sieges Methone;;;;-356;;
Lokros is overthrown by Dionysius II;;;;-356;;
Social War Ends;;;;-355;;
[[Argolas]] is sieged by Phocis;;;;-355;;
Dion is overthrown by [[Callippus of Syracuse|Callipus]];;;;-355;;
Methone and Abdera are annexed by Makedonia;;;;-354;;
Phocis abandons the Siege of Argolas;;;;-354;;
[[Thessaly]] is vassalized by Phocis;;;;-354;;
Catania is annexed by Callipus;;;;-353;;
Makedonia occupied Pagasae;;;;-353;;
Thessaly is vassalized by Makedonia;;;;-353;;
Callipus is overthrown by [[Hipparinos]] (Callipus keeps Catania);;;;-352;;
Nicodemus overthrows Centuripe;;;;-352;;
Orchmenus and [[Chaeronea]] are occupied by Phocis;;;;-352;;
Rhegion is annexed by Callipus;;;;-351;;
Akanthus is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-350;;
[[Nice|Nice (Nicaea)]] is founded by the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] of Massalia ([[Marseille]]), and was given the name of ''Nikaia'' (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring [[Ligures|Ligurians]]\; [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Νίκη) was the [[Greek mythology|Greek goddess]] of victory.;;;;-350;;
Hipparinos is overthrown by Aretaeus;;;;-350;;
[[Mamercus of Catane|Mamercus]] ousts Callippus from Catania;;;;-350;;
Plutarch is expelled from Eretria;;;;-349;;
Aretaeus is overthrown by [[Nysaios]];;;;-349;;
Stagira is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-348;;
Callipus is overthrown by [[Leptines II|Leptines]];;;;-348;;
Leontini is overthrown by [[Hicetas of Leontini|Hicetas]];;;;-347;;
[[Plato]], Greek philosopher, founder of [[Academy]], dies.;;;;-347;;
Methymna is overthrown by [[Kleommis]];;;;-347;;
Phocis withdraws from Boeotia;;;;-346;;
Dionysius II leaves Locris and overthrows Nysaios;;;;-346;;
[[Lyctus|Lyttos]] is sieged by [[Knossos]];;;;-346;;
Makedonia occupies Thermopylae and [[Antikyra]], Nicaea is occupied by Thessaly;;;;-346;;
Makedonia withdraws from Thermopylae and Antikyra;;;;-345;;
[[Grabaei]] becomes a vassal of Macedonia;;;;-345;;
Hicetas sieges Syracuse and seizes Syracuse's territory;;;;-345;;
The Pro-Makedonian Tyrant [[Hipparchus of Euboea|Hipparchus]] overthrows Eretria;;;;-345;;
Mainland [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse (City)]] is occupied by Hicetas leaving only the citadel in Dionysius' control;;;;-345;;
Macedonia occupies Illios and annexes Tenedos;;;;-344;;
Siege of Lyttos lifted by Knossos;;;;-344;;
Knossos sieges [[Kydonia]];;;;-344;;
Hicetas is repulsed by [[Timoleon]] from Syracuse;;;;-344;;
Timoleon takes control of all Syracusan forces outside the citadel;;;;-344;;
Messene is rebuilt by Timoelon, Adranon is freed from mercenary control, Nicodemus is overthrown by Centuripe with help of Timoleon;;;;-343;;
Timoleon annexes the citadel;;;;-343;;
Siege of Kydonia is lifted by Knossos;;;;-343;;
Rhegion is freed by Timoleon;;;;-342;;
[[Aristotle]], [[Greek philosopher]], begins teaching Alexander, son of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip of Macedon]].;;;;-342;;
Hipparchus is overthrown by Athenian forces and impressed into the Delian league;;;;-341;;
Samothrace is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-341;;
Antipolis (modern day [[Antibes]]) is founded by Phocaean Greeks from [[Marseilles|Massilia]].;;;;-340;;
Skyros is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-340;;
Entella is freed by Timoleon;;;;-340;;
[[Elateia]] is occupied by Makedonia;;;;-339;;
Agyris and Aetna are freed by Timoleon;;;;-339;;
Nicaea is occupied by Boeotia;;;;-339;;
Amphissa is annexed by Delphi;;;;-338;;
Thyrea is annexed by Argos;;;;-338;;
Mamercus dies;;;;-338;;
Cumae is annexed by [[Roman Republic|Rome]];;;;-338;;
Leontini is freed by Timoleon;;;;-338;;
Nafpaktos joins the Aetolian League;;;;-338;;
King Philip II of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] August 2 and establishes [[League of Corinth]] during winter of [338 BC]/[337 BC].;;;;-338;;
Amfissa declares independence from Delphi;;;;-337;;
Timoleon dies;;;;-336;;
[[Lesbos]] is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-336;;
[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] succeeds father Philip II, who was assassinated by [[Pausanias of Orestis]].;;;;-336;;
Andromache dies and his city is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-334;;
[[Battle of the Granicus]];;;;-334;;
[[Samnium|Saminum]] is occupied by [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]];;;;-333;;
Alexander defeats Persians at [[Battle of Issus]], but [[Darius III]] escapes.;;;;-333;;
[[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies [[Heraclea Lucania|Heraclea]], [[Metapontum|Metapontium]], Southern [[Lucania]], [[Daunians|Daunia]], [[Paestum]], [[Terina (ancient city)|Terina]] and [[Siponto|Sipontum]];;;;-332;;
[[Siege of Tyre (332 BC)|Siege of Tyre]];;;;-332;;
[[Siege of Gaza]];;;;-332;;
Alexander conquers [[Egypt]].;;;;-332;;
[[Alexandria]] is founded by [[Alexander the Great]];;;;-332;;
[[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies Cosentia;;;;-331;;
[[Battle of Pandosia]];;;;-331;;
[[Jerash|Gerasa]] ([[Jordan]]) is founded by Makedonian veterans;;;;-331;;
at [[Battle of Gaugamela]] October 1, Alexander ends [[Achaemenid]] Dynasty and conquers [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].;;;;-331;;
[[Alexander the Great]] enters in [[Babylon]];;;;-331;;
Tauromenion is freed by Carthage;;;;-331;;
[[Battle of the Uxian Defile]] (East of [[Susa]], [[Iran]]);;;;-331;;
Sparta joins the [[League of Corinth]];;;;-330;;
[[Battle of the Persian Gate]], destruction of [[Persepolis]] (modern [[Iran]]);;;;-330;;
Pytheas makes the earliest Greek voyage to Great Britain and the Arctic Circle for which there is a record.;Pytheas;;;-330;-325;
[[Siege of Cyropolis]];;;;-329;;
[[Battle of Jaxartes]];;;;-329;;
Alexander conquers [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]];;;;-329;;
[[Alexander the Great]] founds [[Alexandria Eschate]] in modern [[Tajikistan]];;;;-329;;
Dayuan Kingdom;Dayuan;;;-329;-160;
Sybaris on the Traeis is annexed by Bruttian League;;;;-328;;
Oenidae is impressed into the Aetolian League;;;;-327;;
Under the command of [[Alexander the Great]] the forces of the [[League of Corinth|Hellenic League]] captures the fortress of the [[Sogdian Rock]]. [[Sogdia]]na and the [[Kabul]] region came under Hellenic control;;;;-327;;
Alexander invades [[India|northern India]], but his army is despondent and refuses to march further eastwards.;;;;-327;;
[[Battle of the Hydaspes]];;;;-326;;
Samos joins the Delian League;;;;-326;;
[[Alexandria Bucephalous]] (located on the [[Hydaspes]] river, [[Pakistan]]) is founded by [[Alexander the Great]] in memory of his beloved horse [[Bucephalus]];;;;-326;;
[[Nearchus]] serving under [[Alexander the Great]] discovers [[Tylos]] (the name used by the Greeks to refer to [[Bahrain]]).;;;;-325;;
Kroton is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Menedemus]];;;;-324;;
[[Charax Spasinu]], one of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]] last cities before his death, is established at the head of the [[Persian Gulf]] (modern [[Iraq]]) replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.;;;;-324;;

[[Category:History Timeline Page]]